TATTooBESTAND─ 檢討刺青的刑法爭議及管制架構

Abstract

在現代社會下，無論是文化薰陶下所進行紋刺又或是基於個人美學考量下做出這樣的選擇，刺青已經越來越能夠出現在人們的眼中，然而此種高度屬人性的美學呈現方式，對於施作的結果以及心中所想的模樣有出入是可以想像的。在這個前提之下，卻未曾有相關的爭議被放在刑事法的脈絡中進行討論，也正因如此激起了本文的研究。 本文首先將以此種施作者與被施作者想法上有出入的案型進行討論，並使用刑事實體法的思考流程，透過構成要件該當性以及違法性的審查去觀看刺青行為，在過程中亦會對於所適用構成要件的內涵以及阻卻違法事由的要件進行再度檢視以及思考，以期解決這樣的爭議。 除此之外，刺青在人體生理結構的變化上也存在相關的爭議，而正是這樣的性質使刺青行為可能成為我國醫療法、醫師法所規範的醫療行為，本文亦將就相關的議題進行討論，綜合實務、比較法以及學說的分析後，對於我國現制下屬於灰色地帶的刺青行為作出是否屬於醫療行為的認定。 最後，透過前述的討論，可以知悉刺青存在一定的風險性，然而這樣的風險可能並非單純的刑事法制所能夠有效管控，因此本文在最後也就相關的管制架構試圖做出初步的建議，以期達到完善化刺青行為管制、保障國民健康的目的。

Nowadays, More and more people with tattoos can be seen on the street. No matter what causes them to do so, cultural effects or personal beliefs about art included, the fact is tattoos are available within people’s sights more than ever. However, the disputes between tattooists and customers can be imagined due to its highly personal, customized nature. Despite this, there has been little discussion of such controversies within the context of criminal law, with such doubt led to the born of this article. This article will begin with tattoo cases relating the conflicts that happen due to misunderstandings caused by either part of the tattoo process. Under these cases, this article will examine whether the mentioned situations match the elements of crime and illegality. To thoroughly solve these controversies, the explanation of these elements will also be reviewed in the process. Moreover, the biological aspect of tattoos can also cause problems under the Taiwanese Medical Acts. The effects tattoos can cause on the human body could make it fall under the regulations of the Medical Care Act and the Physicians Act, because of the ambiguity of the concept of “ Medical Practice”. This article will analyze of theories as well as judgments in and out of Taiwan and determine whether tattooing is a medical practice. Lastly, it is evident that tattooing carries certain risks. Therefore, the article concludes by offering preliminary suggestions for relevant regulatory frameworks to enhance the regulation of tattooing practices and protection of public health.