論專利法懲罰性賠償制度之必要性

Abstract

懲罰性損害賠償制度係源自於英美法系國家，其目的為懲罰加害人主觀上之惡性為出發點，希冀能藉由懲罰性賠償金之課予，避免加害人或其他行為人再犯，與傳統一般損害賠償制度係以填補損害之情形不同。惟隨著現今社會發展，損害賠償之功能已逐漸擴充，懲罰性損害賠償制度實有必要於經濟法領域中發揮其作用。隨著專利法之除罪化，具「準刑事罰」性質之懲罰性賠償制度便帶有非難行為人惡性不法之意味。此外，專利侵權之隱蔽性、訴訟上證明障礙及損害估算上之困難等特徵，懲罰性賠償制度於專利法上尤為重要。 本文嘗試進一步針對專利侵權之懲罰性賠償制度進行探究。除研析我國專利侵權懲罰性賠償之法律構成要件及判斷原則外，亦同時說明美國專利侵權懲罰性賠償制度之立法例，藉由比較我國及美國制度上之差異，釐清此一制度於我國法下應有之定位。 除此之外，本文亦梳理我國近年來智財商業法院之相關判決，統整出專利侵權懲罰性賠償金實際操作情形，並歸納我國法院判斷故意侵權及懲罰性賠償金倍數之參考因素。最後則從專利侵權之特殊性及專利損害賠償計算方法之侷限性角度切入，提出專利侵權懲罰性賠償制度之修法建議。

The punitive damages system is derived from the common law system which aims to punish the malicious misconduct of the actor. It is hoped that punitive damages will deter the actor or other persons from committing the same crime again, unlike the traditional compensation system, which is aimed to compensate for damages. However, with the development of society nowadays, the function of compensation for damages has gradually expanded. The system of punitive damages is indeed imperative to play an important role in the field of economic law. With the decriminalization of patent law, the punitive damages system with the nature of "quasi-criminal" has the implication to punish the malicious misconduct of the actor. Furthermore, the characteristics of patent infringement, such as the concealment of patent infringement, the obstacles in proof of litigation, and the difficulties in estimating damages, make the punitive damages system particularly significant in patent law. This essay attempts to further research the punitive damages system of patent infringement. In addition to analyzing the legal requirements and the judgment principles of punitive damages for patent infringement in Taiwan, it also illustrates the legislation of the U.S. patent infringement punitive damages system. By comparing the differences between Taiwan and the U.S. system, it is possible to clarify the position of the punitive damages system under Taiwan law. In addition, this essay also sorts out the relevant cases of the Intellectual Property and Commercial Court of Taiwan in recent years, collates the practice of punitive damages for patent infringement, and summarizes the reference factors for judging the intentional infringement and the multiple punitive damages in our courts. At last, from the perspective of the specialty of patent infringement and the restriction of the calculation method of patent damages, this essay proposes the amendment of the punitive damages system of patent infringement.