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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 柯佳吟 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Chia-Ying Ko | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 巴艾莉 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Erica Silk P. dela Paz | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-03-21T16:48:49Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2024-04-18 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2024-03-21 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2023 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2023-12-25 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | Akima, H., and Gebhardt, A. (2022). Akima: Interpolation of Irregularly and Regularly Spaced Data. R package version 0.6-3.4. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=akima
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Trop cyclone res rev, 1 2, 231-241. doi:10.6057/2012TCRR02.09 Yuan L, and Pollard AI. (2018). Changes in the relationship between zooplankton and phytoplankton biomasses across a eutrophication gradient. Limnol Oceanogr, 63(6), 2493-2507. Doi:10.1002/lno.10955 Zhang, X., Alexander, L., Hegerl, G.C., Jones, P., Tank, A.K., Peterson, T.C., Trewin, B., and Zwiers, F.W. (2011). Indices for monitoring changes in extremes based on daily temperature and precipitation data. WIREs Clim Change, 2, 851-870. Doi.10.1002/wcc.147 Zhao, H., Tang, D., and Wang, Y. (2008). Comparison of phytoplankton blooms triggered by two typhoons with different intensities and translation speeds in the South China Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 365, 57-65. doi:10.3354/MEPS07488 Zhao, H., Shao, J., Han, G., Yang, D., and Lv, J. (2015). Influence of Typhoon Matsa on phytoplankton chlorophyll-a off East China. PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0137863. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137863 Zhao, Y., Dong, Y., Li, H., Lin, S., Huan, L., Xiao, T., Gregori, G., Zhao, L., and Zhang, W. (2020). Grazing by microzooplankton and copepods on the microbial food web in spring in the southern Yellow Sea, China. Mar Life sci Technol, 2, 442-455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-020-00047-x Zhou, G., Zhao, X., Bi, Y., and Hu, Z. (2012). Effects of rainfall on spring phytoplankton community structure in Xiangxi Bay of the Three-Gorges Reservoir, China. Fresenius Environ Bull, 21(11c), 3533-3541. | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/92365 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 貫穿整個浮游食物鏈的營養轉移效率（Trophic Transfer Efficiency, TTE）是較高營養水平的主要能量來源，受到多種因素的影響。 貧營養水庫中浮游植物和浮游動物之間的 TTE 趨於增加並表現出高度的變異性。 環境變化和不同體型物種之間的相互作用可能會導致 TTE 的改變，但這些研究普遍不足。 本研究旨在透過原位調查，綜合分析環境因素和物種體型兩個重要因素如何影響貧營養水庫中浮游植物和浮游動物之間物質的TTE（能量或碳和氮），分三章進行闡述。 第一章研究了熱帶氣旋（TC）經過期間（第一部分）和溫暖和寒冷時期（第二部分）環境因素對2 m深度的能量TTE（生物量的代表，TTEe）的影響。 第二章分析了尺寸分級的浮游植物和浮游動物的TTE之間的差異，以及溫暖和寒冷時期水溫如何影響TTE。 第三章研究了獵物（即POM 和44-74 μm 尺寸分級的浮游動物）和尺寸分級浮游動物（即>500 μm 和74-177 μm 尺寸）之間碳(C) 和氮(N) 的TTE有何不同,以及水溫和無機營養如何影響變異。2012年1月至2021年6月，在翡翠水庫（Fei-Tsui Reservoir, FTR）進行了密集的原位採樣，研究浮游生物體型和環境因素對浮游植物和浮游動物材料TTE的影響。 第一章第一部分的結果表明，受水溫影響，TTEe在溫暖時期顯著降低，在寒冷時期顯著增加。第一章第二部分表明，在熱帶氣旋週期間，TTEe隨著水溫和NO2- 濃度的升高而增加，而在緩慢移動的熱帶氣旋事件期間，TTEe減少。 快速移動的 TC 與較高的 NO2- 濃度和較低的 NO3- 濃度相結合，增強了 TTEe。第二章的結果表明，尺寸分級的浮游植物和浮游動物之間的TTEe存在顯著差異，並且發現從奈米浮游植物輸送至微型浮游植物時, TTEe變得更大。在所研究的各種浮游生物大小組別中，觀察到僅微型浮游植物和中型浮游動物（> 500 μm 和177-500 μm）之間的能量TTE 在受較高溫度負面影響的暖期和冷期之間表現出相當大的變化。 第三章的結果表明，POM與>500μm尺寸分級浮游動物之間的碳TTE（TTEc）在寒冷時期顯著增加，而氮TTE（TTEn）在溫暖和寒冷時期保持恆定。 44-74 μm 和 74-177 μm 大小分級浮游動物的 C 和 N TTE 在溫暖和寒冷時期保持在較高水準。 POM與74-177μm浮游動物之間的C和N TTE在溫暖和寒冷時期保持較低水準。 這些發現表明，不同體型的浮游生物的 C 和 N TTE 表現出差異。對 POM 和 > 500 μm 尺寸分級之間的 TTEc 的進一步分析表明，TTEc 與水溫和全柱平均 PO43- 濃度呈負相關（0-90 m 深度），與透光深度平均（0-15 m 深度）及全柱平均NO2- 濃度呈正相關。本論文強調環境因素（主要是水溫和無機營養鹽）以及浮游生物的體型大小會影響貧營養水庫中浮游植物和浮游動物之間物質的TTE。 由於浮游生物在水生食物鏈中發揮重要作用，並且對環境變化敏感，因此了解浮游生物營養級之間的 TTEc 如何隨時間變化非常重要，因為它反映了生態系統中的物質流動。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | The trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) throughout the planktonic food chain, which is the main source of energy for higher trophic levels, is influenced by various factors. TTE between phytoplankton and zooplankton in oligotrophic reservoirs tends to increase and show high variability. Environmental changes and interactions between species with different body sizes potentially lead to alteration of TTE, but these are generally understudied. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze two considerable factors, such as environmental factors and species body sizes, influencing TTEs of materials (e.g., energy or carbon and nitrogen) between phytoplankton and zooplankton in an oligotrophic reservoir through in situ investigation, presented in three chapters. The first chapter examined the influences of environmental factors on the TTE of energy (a proxy for biomass, TTEe) at 2 m depth in warm and cold periods (first part) and during tropical cyclone (TC) passages (second part). The second chapter analyzed how TTEs of energy differ between size-fractioned phytoplankton and zooplankton and how water temperature affects the TTEe in warm and cold periods. The third chapter investigated how TTEs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) differ between prey (i.e., POM and 44-74 μm size-fractioned zooplankton) and consumer zooplankton (i.e., >500 μm and 74-177 μm size-fractioned zooplankton) and how water temperature and inorganic nutrients influence the variability. An intensive in situ sampling was conducted in Fei-Tsui Reservoir (FTR) from January 2012 to June 2021 to study the influences of plankton body sizes and environmental factors on TTEs of materials between phytoplankton and zooplankton. The first part of the first chapter showed that the TTEe was significantly decreased in warm periods and increased in cold periods, influenced by the water temperature. The results in the second part of the first chapter showed that, during a TC week, TTEe increased with higher water temperature and NO2- concentration, while it decreased during slow-moving TC events. The combined effects of a fast-moving TC, along with higher NO2- concentration and lower NO3- concentration, enhanced TTEe. The results of the second chapter revealed that TTEe significantly varied between size-fractioned phytoplankton and zooplankton, and it was found to be greater when transported from nanophytoplankton than microphytoplankton. Among the various plankton size groups studied, it was observed that merely TTEs of energy between microphytoplankton and mesozooplankton (>500 μm and 177-500 μm) exhibited considerable variations between warm and cold periods negatively influenced by higher temperature. The results of the third chapter showed that TTE of carbon (TTEc) between POM and >500 μm size-fractioned zooplankton increased significantly in cold periods, and TTE of nitrogen (TTEn) remained constant in both warm and cold periods. The TTEs of C and N between 44-74 μm and 74-177 μm size-fractioned zooplankton remained high in warm and cold periods. The TTEs of C and N between POM and 74-177 μm size-fractioned zooplankton remained low in warm and cold periods. These findings indicate that plankton of different body sizes exhibited variations in their TTEs of C and N. Further analysis on TTEc between POM and >500 μm size-fractioned zooplankton revealed that TTEc had negative relationships with water temperature and whole column-averaged PO43- concentration (0-90 m depth), and it had positive relationships with euphotic depth-averaged (0-15 m depth) and whole column-averaged NO2- concentrations. This thesis highlights that environmental factors, such as water temperature and inorganic nutrients, and plankton body sizes impact the TTEs of materials between phytoplankton and zooplankton in an oligotrophic reservoir. Since plankton play an important role in the aquatic food chain and are sensitive to environmental changes, it is important to understand how TTE between plankton trophic levels changes over time because it reflects the material flows in the ecosystem. | en |
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| dc.description.tableofcontents | Oral Examination Committee Approval Letter ……………………………………… i
Acknowledgements……………………………… ……………………………...…….……… ii Chinese Abstract ………………………………………..………………………………..….... iii English Abstract ………………………………………..………………………………..…..... v General Introduction…………………….……………………………………………………... 1 Chapter 1 Part 1 Inter-seasonal Variability of Energy Transfer Efficiency between Phytoplankton and Zooplankton……………………………………………………...…………... 5 Abstract………………….……………..…………………………………..….. 5 Introduction……………….…………………………....……………….…… 5 Methods….……………….……………………….…………….………..…... 7 Results....…………………………………….…………..………….…..……. 10 Discussion…………………………………….…………..……….….……... 11 Conclusion……………………………………………………….……………. 13 Part 2 Tropical Cyclone Effects Enhance Trophic Transfer Efficiency of Energy between Phytoplankton and Zooplankton……………………………………………………............…. 15 Abstract…………………………………………..……………..…...……….. 15 Introduction……………………………………….…………..…………….… 16 Methods…………………………………….………………..……….....……...19 Results…………………………………………………………..……………..… 24 Discussion…………………………………………………….………………… 26 Conclusion………………………………………………....………………..… 29 Chapter 2 Influences of Body Sizes and Temperature on Trophic Transfer Efficiency of Energy between phytoplankton and zooplankton …………………………………………..…................……... 31 Abstract……………………….………….…………………………………....… 31 Introduction…………………….…………………………………………….…. 32 Methods……………………………….……………………………………..…... 34 Results……………………………….…………………………….....…….….… 40 Discussion…………………….………………………………………….….….. 43 Conclusion….………………..……..…..……………………………….….... 45 Chapter 3 Influences of Body Sizes and Environmental Factors on Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of Carbon and Nitrogen between Prey and Consumer Zooplankton ….………..….....…............... 47 Abstract……………………..………………………………………..…..….…. 47 Introduction…………………..…………………………….…………...….... 48 Methods………………………..…………………………….….……..……….. 51 Results…………………………………..…………………….….….....…….... 57 Discussion……………………………..………………….………....…..…... 60 Conclusion………………………………..…………………..…..........…... 64 Overall Conclusion……...…………………………….……….…………....67 References……….………………………………………………..…..….…… 71 Appendix……………………………………………….....………..……….... 127 List of Figures Fig. 1. Map of the Fei-Tsui Reservoir, an oligotrophic reservoir in northern Taiwan………... 101 Fig. 2. Time-series pattern and boxplots of 2 m depth water temperature (a), precipitation (b), 0-90 m depth-averaged concentration of NO2- (c), NO3- (d), and PO43- (e) in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from January 2012 to December 2015.…………………….…………….… 102 Fig. 3. Log-log simple linear regression analysis between the mean of zooplankton biomass at 0-50 m depth versus 2-m depth phytoplankton biomass at a synchronous time (a) and 2-week lag time of mean zooplankton biomass at 0-50 m depth versus 2-m depth phytoplankton biomass……………………………………………..……………….... 103 Fig. 4. Time-series pattern and boxplots of trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) at 2 m depth in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from January 2012 to December 2015...……………….…….….. 104 Fig. 5. Monthly patterns and boxplots of phytoplankton biomass (PB) at 2 m depth (a) and zooplankton biomass (ZB) at 0-50 m depth-averaged (b) in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from January 2012 to December 2015…………………………...…………….………….. 105 Fig. 6. Monthly patterns and boxplots of the trophic transfer efficiencies (TTE) of energy at 2 m depth in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from January 2012 to December 2015. ………….... 106 Fig. 7. Scatterplots of the trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) of energy at 2-m depth in relation to tropical cyclone disturbance ranking (a) and length of tropical cyclone stay (b) in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from January 2012 to December 2015. ………………..……..…….. 107 Fig. 8. Time series patterns and boxplots of physical parameters including 2 m depth water temperature (a), precipitation (b), 2 m depth concentration of NO2- and PO43- (c-d), and 0-90 m depth-averaged concentration of NO2- (e) in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from July 2019 to June 2021….…………………………..……….……………….………..……….. 108 Fig. 9. Relative biomass composition of phytoplankton at 2 m depth (a) and zooplankton at 0-50 m depth (b) in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from July 2019 to June 2021…………………. 109 Fig. 10. Boxplots showing the median and standard deviation of trophic transfer efficiencies (TTEs) of energy in large microphytoplankton and >500 µm, nanophytoplankton and >500 µm, microphytoplankton and 177-500 µm, nanophytoplankton and 177-500 µm, picophytoplankton and 177-500 µm, and microphytoplankton and <177 µm..…..110 Fig. 11. Time series patterns and boxplots comparing the trophic transfer efficiencies (TTEs) of energy between the microphytoplankton and >500 µm (a), microphytoplankton and 177-500 µm (b), microphytoplankton and <177 µm (c), nanophytoplankton and >500 µm (d), nanophytoplankton and 177-500 µm (e), and picophytoplankton and 177-500 µm (f) during warm and cold in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from July 2019 to June 2021.…....…111 Fig. 12. Time series patterns and boxplots of 0-15 m depth-averaged water temperature (a), precipitation (b), 0-15 m depth-averaged concentrations of NO2- (c), NO3- (d), 0-90 m depth-averaged concentrations of PO43- (e), NO2- (f), and PO43- (g) in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from July 2014 to November 2020..……………………….……………….112 Fig. 13. Biplots of 𝛿13C and 𝛿15N (a-b) and isotopic distances (ID) (c-d) of size-fractioned plankton in warm and cold periods..…….………………………………………..……113 Fig. 14. Time series patterns and boxplots of POC (a) and biomass of 0-50 m depth-averaged 44-74 μm size-fractioned (b), 74-177 μm size-fractioned (c), and >500 μm size-fractioned zooplankton (d) in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from July 2014 to November 2020….…… 114 Fig. 15. Time series patterns and boxplots of C and N contents in prey such as POM (a-b) and 44-74 μm size-fractioned zooplankton (c-d), respectively, in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from July 2014 to November 2020.…………………………………………….……...…… 115 Fig. 16. Time series patterns and boxplots of C and N contents in consumer zooplankton such as >500 μm (a-b) and 74-177 μm (c-d) in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from July 2014 to November 2020. ……..………………………………..………………….…………… 116 Fig. 17. Time series patterns and boxplots of trophic transfer efficiencies (TTEs) of carbon and nitrogen between POM and >500 μm size-fractioned zooplankton (a-b), POM and 74-177 μm size-fractioned zooplankton(c-d), and 74-44 and 74-177 μm size-fractioned zooplankton (e-f), respectively, in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from July 2014 to November 2020..…………………………………………………….…………………………..… 117 List of Tables Table 1. Results of multivariate regression analysis with backward elimination between log10 trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) of energy and selected environmental factors.……. 119 Table 2. List of Pacific Tropical Cyclones (TCs) that hit the Fei-Tsui Reservoir from January 2012 to December 2015…………………………………..…………………………... 120 Table 3. Correlations between trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) of energy versus individual tropical cyclone-related environmental factors…………………………………….…. 122 Table 4. Final models of multivariate regression analysis with a stepwise backward selection of the trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) of energy between phytoplankton and zooplankton at 2 m depth versus the combined tropical cyclone-related factors…………....……… 123 Table 5. Results of the multivariate regression analysis with backward elimination investigating the combined effects of environmental factors on trophic transfer efficiencies (TTEs) of energy between microphytoplankton->500 µm and microphytoplankton-177-500 µm between cold and warm periods.…………….……………………………..………..... 124 Table 6. Results of the multivariate regression analysis with backward elimination investigating the influences of environmental factors on trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) of carbon between POM and >500 μm size-fractioned zooplankton in warm and cold periods from July 2014 to November 2020 in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir……………….……………... 125 | - |
| dc.language.iso | en | - |
| dc.subject | 能量傳遞 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 生物量比 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 颱風 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 浮游生物 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 淡水生態系統 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | freshwater ecosystem | en |
| dc.subject | plankton | en |
| dc.subject | typhoon | en |
| dc.subject | energy transfer | en |
| dc.subject | Biomass ratio | en |
| dc.title | 貧營養集水區中浮游生物體型大小和環境因子對食階能量傳遞效率之影響 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Influences of Body Sizes and Environmental Changes on Trophic Transfer Efficiency of Plankton in an Oligotrophic Reservoir | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 112-1 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 夏復國;謝志豪;賴昭成;何珮綺 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Fuh-kwo Shiah;Chih-hao Hsieh;Chaochen Lai;Pei-Chi Ho | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 生物量比,能量傳遞,淡水生態系統,浮游生物,颱風, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Biomass ratio,energy transfer,freshwater ecosystem,plankton,typhoon, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 141 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202304552 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 未授權 | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2023-12-25 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生命科學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 漁業科學研究所 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 生命科學系 | |
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