航空機組員防疫政策之跨國比較

Abstract

我國在疫情期間的防疫管理讓國人引以為傲，邊境管控是防疫的重要項目之一。本研究的動機源自於新冠疫情期間，我國、紐西蘭與日本作為海島型國家，如何依瞬息萬變的防疫資訊作出決策來確保公共衛生安全。研究聚焦在我國防疫期間嚴格的邊境管制與機組員防疫政策隨疫情變化、調整的過程，透過不同的觀察分析，期有助日後制定更為周全與有效的防疫政策。

從執行評估的角度，本研究爬梳了三國對於防疫政策的相關資訊，對比我國嚴密的邊境防疫與強化對航空機組員的防疫管理；紐西蘭從防堵到與病毒共存的防疫態度；日本自始至終以緩解為防疫主軸的策略，透過次級資料蒐集與質化訪談的研究方法，了解各國的邊境政策的差異、三國對機組員防疫政策及管理的方式與我國機組員防疫政策的演化。此外，藉由適用機組員防疫政策對象訪談的第一手資料揭露，更可理解機組員面臨的挑戰與他們的需求和期望，可為政策制定者提供寶貴的洞見。

本研究同時參閱牛津新冠病毒政府應對追蹤器的數據，以疫情期間三國的嚴格指數作分析，對比各國在疫情期間的防疫嚴格度與機師的防疫政策，是否與有效控制疫情達到平衡。

疫情期間機組員身負跨國運輸重任，機組員防疫政策制定的目的在保障社區與機組員的健康。但機組員防疫政策的施行未隨疫情變化滾動調整，社會輿論的放大關切與機組員投訴無門，當強調有效控制疫情的同時，更應考慮建立一個多部門協調機制，涵蓋航空、公衛、勞動等相關領域專家，同步保障機組員的權益和心理健康，確保政策制定既符合公共衛生目標，又兼顧機組員的職業需求和權益。

The motivation for this study stems from the management of the COVID-19 pandemic by Taiwan, New Zealand, and Japan as island nations, and how they made decisions based on rapidly changing pandemic information to ensure public health safety. The study focuses on Taiwan's strict border control and the evolution and adjustment of policies for airline crew during the pandemic. Through different analytical observations, this research aims to contribute to the development of more comprehensive and effective pandemic policies in the future.

From an implementation evaluation perspective, this study reviews the pandemic policies of the three countries, contrasting Taiwan's stringent border and airline crew pandemic management, New Zealand's transition from containment to coexistence with the virus, and Japan's consistent mitigation strategy. Through secondary data analysis and qualitative evaluation, this research explores the differences in border policies, the approaches to airline crew pandemic policies and management among the countries, and the evolution of airline crew pandemic policies in Taiwan. Additionally, firsthand data from interviews with subjects of airline crew pandemic policies reveal the challenges they face, their needs, and expectations, offering valuable insights for policymakers.

This study also refers to data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, analyzing the stringency index of the three countries during the pandemic, comparing the severity of pandemic policies, including those for pilots, and whether they balance effective pandemic control.

During the pandemic, airline crew played a crucial role in cross-border transportation. The purpose of formulating airline crew pandemic policies was to protect the health of the community and the airline crew. However, the implementation of airline crew pandemic policies did not adjust dynamically with the changing pandemic, leading to amplified public concerns and complaints from the airline crew. While emphasizing effective pandemic control, it is also essential to consider establishing a multidisciplinary coordination mechanism that includes experts from aviation, public health, labour, and other related fields. This approach aims to protect the rights and mental health of airline crew while ensuring that policy formulation meets public health goals and considers the professional needs and rights of airline crew.