從國際非政府組織強化臺灣之國際地位-以世界獸醫師協會為例

Abstract

國際法的原則在於促進國家彼此間的交流互助，新自由主義論者也同樣強調國際合作的重要性，但因認知不同，加上國際地位存有些許差異，導致國際組織章程與行為規範一直無法取得共識。 本論文試以大型非政府組織世界獸醫師協會為例，透過個案研究結合深度訪談方式，一方面探討國際組織章程與行為規範的應用調整，另一方面則希望在全球治理的框架下可以藉此提升台灣的國際地位。 研究發現，參與資格、議程範圍、集中程度、控制方式等四個指標的理性設計，對於國際組織章程及行為規範都會產生不同程度的影響，且各指標間也具有一定程度的關聯性，但本大型非政府組織的運作過程是以特定專業領域為主，所以較無明顯的國際運作阻礙。在台灣參與該協會的運作歷史過程中，唯台灣地位特殊，曾經在參與資格指標上產生些許爭議插曲，故先從協會角度需求切入以上四個指標的設計變化，進而印證台灣如何藉由此內生因素的改變，發揮國際上的影響力，避開國際政治力或多或少的影響來提升台灣的國際地位。 對此，研究建議台灣可持續強化特定領域的專業能力來凸顯台灣在國際事務運作上的重要性，尤其透過參與大型跨國非政府組織核心的運作輔以國民外交方式，由下而上的，讓更多人看見台灣的力與美。

The principle of international law is to promote exchanges and mutual assistance between states, and neoliberal theorists also emphasize the importance of international cooperation, but due to different understandings and slight differences in international status, it has been impossible to reach a consensus on the constitution and norms of conduct of international organizations. Taking the World Veterinary Association, a large international non-governmental organization, as a case study combined with in-depth interviews, this paper explores the application and adjustment of the constitution and regulations of international organizations through case studies, and hopes to enhance Taiwan's international status within the framework of global governance. The results show that the four indicators of participation eligibility, agenda scope, degree of concentration, and control mode will have different degrees of impact on the constitution and code of conduct of international organizations, and there is a certain degree of correlation between the indicators, but the operation process of large international non-governmental organization is mainly based on specific professional fields, so there is no obvious obstacle to international operations. In the course of Taiwan's participation in the operations of the association, its unique status has led to occasional controversies, particularly in the qualification criteria. Therefore, the approach begins by addressing the needs of the association, focusing on the required changes in the design of the four indicators from the association's perspective. This process aims to substantiate how Taiwan, through altering these endogenous factors, can wield influence on the international stage. In response to this, the research recommends that Taiwan continuously strengthen its expertise in specific fields to highlight its importance in international affairs. Particularly, active participation in the core operations of large transnational non-governmental organizations, coupled with civil diplomacy, can be employed. This bottom-up approach aims to make Taiwan's strength and beauty more visible to a wider audience.