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標題: | 殖民政府的地方行政與臺灣人的政治參與:(1895-1920) The local administration of the colonial government and the political participation of Taiwanese people (1895-1920) |
作者: | 李鎧揚 Kai-Yang Li |
指導教授: | 吳密察 Mi-Cha Wu |
關鍵字: | 總理,約首,辨務署,街庄長,區長,市街庄長, local prime minister,head of the covenant,Benmusho,Kucho,non-locals,Shigaishocho, |
出版年 : | 2024 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 本文以究明自1895年至1920年間,取得新領土的日本如何在台灣島上建立起一套地方行政體系為研究目的。同時,藉由對地方行政制度的討論,釐清台灣人在殖民地統治中如何被逐步納入地方行政體系中。此時期的台灣,除歷經政權輪替之外,也是由前近代社會轉變至近代社會的重要時期。
透過討論後可以發現,日本初來乍到時隨即與當地人建立起關係。先是聘僱輔助行政的台灣人,同時也找回清帝國時期地方上的總理與約首,很快在他們的幫助下建立起秩序。儘管日本當時找尋行助行政之人,一部分為清帝國時期舊人物。但透過新制度的規範,他們能夠更符合新政權的需要,有效地幫助日本在當地取得了控制。 在進入民政時期,台灣總督府一度設立堡務署機構,讓臺灣人進入行政體系中,但在缺乏良好溝通能力與資歷者之下,僅能在1897年時,改以辨務署負責末端行政事務,並讓臺灣人擔任輔助行政的底層行政首長。自1897年街庄社長制度成立到1909年間,街庄長雖然名義上為輔助行政組織的地方首長,實際上卻負擔了大量的行政事務。面對相當事務卻沒有薪水情況下,總督府透過專賣與或「紳章」等其他利益的給予,讓這些街庄長有限度地取得一定利益。儘管這些利益無法平均地分給所有的街庄社長。但透過有限度的給予,仍能提供擔任街庄社長可預期獲利的準對對價關係。在清帝國晚期,許多仕紳將地方行政職位看做是「賤業」,但藉由臺灣總督府的各種設計,最早在1897年「街庄社長」時期,最晚到了1909年「區長」時期。地方行政首長一職已經成為人們爭先恐後欲擔任的光榮職位。 相較於街庄社長時期,1909年後的區長一方面被賦予「準官吏」的角色,同時被臺灣總督府要求更為完善的文書管理制度,區役場也變的成像是準行政機構。而以往都是由在地人物擔任行政首長的情況,在1910年代也逐漸鬆動,慢慢有一些「非在地」人物出現,出現了地方行政首長「非在地」的情況。而1920年新成立的市街庄公共團體,在「市」以及重要的街與庄中,總督府開始日人取代臺灣人。則進一步強化了「非在地」的情況。 The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Japan, which acquired new territories from 1895 to 1920, established a system of local administration on the island of Taiwan. At the same time, through the discussion of the local administrative system, it is clarified how the Taiwanese were gradually incorporated into the local administrative system under colonial rule. In addition to the change of political power, this period was also an important period of transformation from a pre-modern society to a modern society. Through the discussions, it was revealed that Japan had established a relationship with the locals when they first arrived. First, the Taiwanese who were hired to assist the administration, on the one hand, also found the local prime minister(總理) and the head of the covenant(約首) during the Qing Empire, and soon established order with their help. Japan quickly found old people to assist in administrative matters, but through the norms of the new system, it was still effectively controlled. In the period of civil affairs, the Governor-General''s Office (堡務署)of Taiwan once set up the Fort Service Department to allow the Taiwanese to enter the administrative system, but under the lack of good communication skills and qualifications, they could only change to the Identification Office in 1897 to be responsible for the end of the administrative affairs, and let the Taiwanese serve as the low-level administrative head of the auxiliary administration. From 1897 until 1909, when the system of mayors was established, the mayors were nominally the heads of the local departments that assisted the administrative organizations, but in fact they were responsible for a large amount of administrative work. In the face of considerable affairs without salaries, the Governor''s Office gave these street chiefs a limited amount of profit through the granting of monopoly and/or other benefits such as "gentry medals"(紳章). Although these benefits cannot be divided equally among all the mayors. However, through a limited amount of giving, it is still possible to provide an expected consideration relationship that can be derived from the benefits that can be obtained as the president of the town. In the late Qing Empire, many gentry regarded local administrative positions as "untouchables". However, through the various designs of the Governor''s Office of Taiwan, the earliest was in 1897 during the period of the "mayor of the district" and the latest in 1909 during the period of the "mayor of the district". The position of head of local administration, such as district chief, has become a position that people are vying to occupy. In the late Qing Empire, many gentry regarded local administrative positions as "untouchables". However, through the various designs of the Governor''s Mansion of Taiwan, it was first in the period of the mayor of the town, and the latest in 1909. The position of head of local administration, such as district chief, has become a position that people are vying to occupy. Compared with the period of the mayor of the town, the mayor of the district was given the role of a "quasi-official" on the one hand, and at the same time, the Governor-General''s Office of Taiwan was required to improve the clerical management system, and the ward office also became a quasi-administrative body. In the 1910s, the situation of local officials serving as the chief executive was gradually loosened, and gradually some "non-locals" appeared, and the situation of "non-local" local administrative heads appeared. In 1920, the newly established public body of the city and the village began to replace the Taiwanese in the "city" and the important streets and villages. further reinforces the "non-local" situation. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/92016 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202400649 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 歷史學系 |
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