台灣上市公司罷工型態及影響因素之研究

Abstract

近年來，台灣航空業頻繁發生罷工事件，罷工為勞工和工會面對勞資衝突時最激烈的手段，而罷工訴求可分為兩類，爭取更好的勞動條件如加薪、降低工時等(即進攻性罷工)，或是保護現有的勞動條件如反對裁員、減薪等(即防禦性罷工)。本研究旨在探討導致台灣勞工和工會採取罷工之因素。 本文利用台灣經濟新報(TEJ)台灣上市企業財務與社會責任數據庫及台灣勞動部違反勞動法令紀錄的數據，透過最小平方法線性回歸模型(ordinary least squares estimator, OLS estimator)進行實證分析，結果顯示企業違反勞動法令次數與勞工發動罷工的可能性間存在顯著且正向的關係，這顯示在台灣上市公司勞工罷工主要為防禦性罷工，而非進攻性罷工。這與Martin and Dixon(2010)的研究結果一致，其基於1984年至2002年的美國罷工數據進行分析。我們也發現政府的持股比例與勞工罷工的可能性存在顯著且正向的關係，這表示政府介入程度也會影響勞工是否採取罷工來應對勞資衝突。此外，過去發生罷工事件對同一產業的其他公司中產生外溢影響，這顯示了罷工的同儕效果。最後，我們也發現發起罷工後，下一期(年)企業違反勞動法令減少了3.376次，顯示勞動環境有所改善。

In recent years, the aviation industry in Taiwan has witnessed frequent strikes. Strikes represent the most intense weapon for workers and unions to confront labor conflicts. The objectives of strikes can be divided into two categories: either fight for better labor conditions such as higher wages and shorter working hours (i.e., offensive strikes) or protect existing labor conditions such as against job losses and wage decreases (i.e., defensive strikes). This study explores the factors leading workers and unions to adopt strikes. This research utilizes financial and corporate social responsibility data from the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) of listed companies in Taiwan and records of violations of labor laws from Taiwan’s Ministry of Labor. Using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions, we show that the frequency of violations of labor laws by companies is significantly and positively related to the likelihood of labor strikes. This implies that labor strikes in Taiwanese listed companies are mainly used as defensive rather than offensive strikes. The results are consistent with Martin and Dixon (2010), who based their analysis on a comprehensive data set of U.S. strikes from 1984 to 2002. In addition, we find that the government's ownership stake is significantly and positively related to the likelihood of labor strikes, suggesting that the degree of government intervention also affects whether workers resort to strikes to confront labor disputes. Additionally, the previous occurrence of strikes can spill over to other firms in the same industry, suggesting peer effects in labor strikes. Finally, we also observed that after the initiation of the strike, violations of labor laws by the companies decreased by 3.376 times, indicating an improvement in the labor environment.