縣域應急管理數位化應用研究

Abstract

長期以來，政府各有關部門採取各種措施從體制、法制、機制、投入等各個方面加強應急管理工作，使城市的應急管理態勢穩定且不斷好轉。但是各種問題還是很多，各地區差異比較明顯，同時還面臨著各種新的挑戰。應急管理存量系統設備老舊，資訊系統存在數據架構不統一、技術落後、性能不穩定等現象，加之缺少有效維護，系統運行狀況不佳，相關業務在系統融合、數據採集、共用交換方面存在較大難度。同時，物聯網、雲計算、大數據以及人工智慧等新興技術大量湧現，使得應急管理更加高效、更加智能。如何利用好數位化技術服務好應急管理工作成為管理者面臨的新的課題。 介於各種規模大小的城市遇到的應急事件、可調用的應急資源、處置方式等有很大的區別，本文聚焦於縣級城市應急管理數位化應用的研究，通過應急管理的理論分析以及各類文獻的研究、匯總各種應急管理數位化應用面臨的問題以及改進對策、探討應急管理中常用的數位化應用技術和工具。H縣作為長三角的一個縣級地區，地理環境獨特，既有重要的製造產業，又面臨多樣的災害風險，如颱風、洪澇等，其應急管理體系建設在地方政府得到了有效推進，其建設情況具有代表性和典型性，可以反映出許多縣級地區應急管理體系建設的普遍特點和麵臨的共同問題。以H縣的實踐案例研究，分析了其現狀以及問題困難點，結合個案的建設效果分析提出一個包括多源及時預警、智能輔助研判、快速聯動集結，高效應急處置、動態複盤畫像閉環管理完整的縣域應急管理數位化應用方案，應對現有的相關問題和困難，以支撐統一指揮、反應靈敏、快速處置、平戰結合的高效縣域應急管理體系，為同類型縣級城市應急管理提供參考樣板，為政府和相關部門提供實踐指導和決策支持，進一步優化縣級地區的應急管理體系，提升縣級城市風險識別預警能力和應急回應能力，維護整個社會的穩定，保障生產生活安全，促進經濟的不斷發展。

For a long time, various government departments have taken various measures to strengthen emergency management work from various aspects such as system, legal system, mechanism, and investment, which has maintained an overall stable and improving situation of emergency management in cities. However, they are facing various new challenges. At the same time, a large number of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence have emerged, making emergency management more efficient and intelligent. How to make good use of new technology to serve emergency management work has become a new issue faced by managers. This article focuses on the research on the digital application of emergency management in county-level cities. Through theoretical analysis of emergency management and research on various literature, it summarizes the problems and improvement strategies faced by various digital applications of emergency management, and explores commonly used digital application technologies and tools in emergency management. Based on the practical case study of H County, this paper analyzes its current situation, problem difficulties, and construction effectiveness, and proposes a digital application solution for county level emergency management that includes multi-source timely warning, intelligent assistance in research and judgment, rapid linkage and aggregation, efficient emergency response, and dynamic review and portrait closed-loop management. It addresses existing related problems and difficulties to support unified command, sensitive response, and rapid disposal The efficient county-level emergency management system that combines peacetime and wartime provides a reference model for emergency management in similar county-level cities, provides practical guidance and decision-making support for the government and relevant departments, further optimizes the emergency management system in county-level areas, enhances the risk identification and warning capabilities and emergency response capabilities of county-level cities, ensures production and life safety, maintains social stability, and promotes economic development.