以拉格朗齊模擬及三維列印輔助閥件設計

Abstract

無論在哪裡應用閥及管件，它們都面臨著顆粒耐受性的主要問題。克服顆粒對閥行為的影響的各種方法是已知的。在輸送系統的情況下，顆粒的累積直接影響其可靠性，尤其是考慮長期應用時。半導體的大量使用酸鹼液，不管是在水系統以及化學系統，皆會有顆粒堆積在轉彎處及流速較慢處，對於一個大系統，希望流過的流體都有充分利用到，並能順利通過每一個管路及閥件，也確保管件不會因為顆粒堆積造成管件使用年限下降。 早期在進行研究時,以理論推導為主要實驗之方式,而數值模擬則因受限於電腦的運算速度,能應用的範圍受到許多限制,直到近年來由於電腦技術的快速發展,在運算能量的大幅提升的情況下，計算效能與可處理問題之複雜度皆已達到符合實際應用之水準使得過去需要耗用大量資源，甚至難以進行的模擬都成為可應用之對象，計算流體力學於管路之模擬案例逐年增加。 本研究成功使用COMSOL軟體建立三種不同閥件模型並進行流體模擬及粒子分析，在流體模擬方面，針對閥中的流變模式，採用模擬牛頓流體的Navier-Stokes方程可以模擬閥的流變行為，考慮顆粒碰撞阻力/紊流力與剪應變率平方成正相關，將顆粒碰撞阻力/紊流力體積力加入Navier-Stokes方程式。我們使用水以及IPA兩種不同流體進行流體分析，另外，本研究於粒子分析中，使用Euler-Lagrangian Simulation之分析，並與實驗數據進行比較，結果顯示此方法與實驗數據相比，誤差約為3%且最佳流速為0.39m/s，且歸納出在閥件中設計45度斜板，以及在彎管處設計r=0.75mm之導角有利最少粒子堆積。 本研究檢討上述的模擬方法可以合理的模擬顆粒在閥件中的堆積行為，並探討不同因數與模式參數值如何影響顆粒的堆積行為。最後透過3D列印的方法列印出所設計之閥件。

Wherever valves and fittings are applied, they face the major problem of particle tolerance. Various methods to overcome the effects of particles on valve behavior are known. In the case of conveyor systems, the accumulation of particles has a direct impact on their reliability, especially when long-term applications are considered. In the case of semiconductors, which are used in large quantities in acids and alkalis, both in aqueous systems and chemical systems, there is a build-up of particles at bends and slow flow points. For a large system, it is desirable that the flow is fully utilized and passes smoothly through each line and valve fitting, and that the fittings do not suffer from a decline in service life due to particle build-up. Early in the research, theoretical derivation as the main experimental approach, and numerical simulation is limited by the computer's computing speed, can be applied to the scope of many limitations, until recent years due to the rapid development of computer technology, in the case of a substantial increase in computing energy, computational performance and the complexity of the problems that can be dealt with have reached a level consistent with the actual application of the standard so that in the past need to spend a lot of resources, and even difficult to carry out the simulation have become applicable. Simulations that used to be resource-intensive or even difficult to perform have become applicable, and the number of computational fluid dynamics simulations on pipelines is increasing year by year. In this study, three different valve models were successfully developed using COMSOL software for fluid simulation and particle analysis. In the fluid simulation, the Navier-Stokes equations, which are used to simulate Newtonian fluids, were used to simulate the rheological behavior of the valve for the rheological modes of the valve, and the particle collision resistance/turbulence force was added into the Navier-Stokes equations to consider that it is positively correlated to the square of shear rate of change, and the particle collision resistance/turbulence force is added into the Navier-Stokes equations. The particle collision resistance/turbulence force is added to the Navier-Stokes equation. Two different fluids, water and IPA, were used for the fluid analysis. In addition, the Euler-Lagraigian Simulation was used for the particle analysis and compared with the experimental data, and the results showed that the error of this method was about 3% and the optimal flow velocity was 0.39 m/s compared with the experimental data.