五○年代臺灣文學在七○年代的錯置與重探

Abstract

本論文企圖複雜化臺灣文學史對於五〇年代與七〇年代的認識論，一方面嘗試鬆動當前理解文學史慣性的十年斷代方法，同時挑戰由十年一代衍生而出的關乎流派、社群、文藝思潮，乃至意識形態主導的討論模式。本論文留意到，「五○年代臺灣文學」，事實上是在七〇年代回歸現實的脈絡之中，一個被發明的分析概念，一套被建構用以理解臺灣文／史的視角：文評家藉由重新記憶「五〇年代臺灣文學」來替戰後臺灣三十年來的文學發展進行評價。換句話說，「五〇年代臺灣文學」實為在七○年代被「錯置」的「傳統」。奠基於此，本論文將先釐清「五○年代臺灣文學」的生成過程與其盲點；其次擴大「文學」的範疇，而在研究素材，納入更多的新個案與新史料，同時試圖反思「五○年代臺灣文學」是如何經由作家的記憶論述，與印刷品的重印發行，浮上檯面。而在此一「錯置」的過程，我們清楚看見：集體與個體的複雜協商，乃至文學書寫，如何逐步蛻變為跨世代／跨領域對話的眾聲喧嘩場域，凡此都共同構造了當前對於七○年代臺灣文學史的認識。整體來說，本論文意圖重建一個更立體多元的七○年代文化場域圖像，並且循此重新提問「何為臺灣文學／史」與「臺灣文學／史何為」的論題。最後，站在前述的基礎之上，本論文的成果，希望得以替當代臺灣文學史的教學、研究，乃至寫作，指出更具批判視野與理論縱深的前行路徑。

This thesis proposes a new interpretive framework to complicate the existing discourse on the history of Taiwanese literature. This new framework aims to offer an alternative approach to studying Taiwanese literary history, which is often organized in a decade-by-decade manner and dominated by discussions based on genres, communities, literary trends, and even ideological perspectives derived from such categorization. In contrast, this thesis places a greater emphasis on the literary works of individual authors, providing in-depth portrayals of their developmental trajectories. Moreover, at the level of literary history, this thesis argues that the notion of “1950s Taiwanese literature” was actually an analytical concept and a constructed perspective invented during the nativist literature debates in Taiwan in the 1970s. During these debates, literary critics sought to assess the literary development of Taiwan in the three decades after the Chinese civil war by drawing upon their memories of “1950s Taiwanese literature.” In other words, “1950s Taiwanese literature” was essentially a “tradition” invented in the 1970s.

To problematize this process, this thesis will first clarify the formation of “1950s Taiwanese literature” and address its blind spots. It will then examine the context of “returning to reality” and reflect on how “1950s Taiwanese literature” emerged through writers’ works of remembrance and how the reprinting and distribution of printed materials facilitated the spread of this concept. Through this process of reevaluation, the thesis reveals the complex negotiations between collectivity and individuality and how literary writing gradually transformed into a cacophony of intergenerational and interdisciplinary dialogues. All of these factors collectively shape our current understanding of the literary history of 1970s Taiwan. In summary, this thesis aims to reconstruct a more multidimensional cultural landscape of the 1970s and, based on this, reexamine the questions of “what is Taiwanese literature” and “how does it work.” Finally, building upon this theoretical foundation, the findings of this thesis can contribute to the teaching, research, and writing of contemporary Taiwanese literary history by providing a more critical perspective and a more in-depth theoretical framework.