科技集團智慧製造新事業發展之個案研究：發展策略，組織形成與績效考核

Abstract

本研究以一個跨國大型科技企業集團為個案，探究其在核心業務持續成長，但成長幅度趨緩情況下，為求企業永續經營，如何透過新事業構思發想，新事業發展策略規劃，新事業發展的決策機制，建立形成起新事業開創團隊組織、以及如何建立新事業績效評核與激勵機制。我們藉由新事業策略定位、與組織任務，願景，目標、環境需求趨勢，目標產業適性，目標客戶適性與競爭分析等面向進行有系統的分析，歸納出新事業如何對焦集團企業中凸顯自己的策略定位，並如何持續擴展新興事業的版圖。最後，由這些問題的分析，試圖找出新事業發展的成功關鍵因素，進而提供個案新事業發展的實務建議。 本研究經由文獻探討，分別探討了關於新事業構思發想（新構思策略與技巧，六頂思考帽），新事業發展策略規劃（評估新事業機會，企業經營策略規劃），新事業開創團隊組織形成 （企業競爭策略與組織能力適配研究）以及新事業績效評核與激勵機制，結果發現，新事業發展由開始構思發想時，就必須以終為始，進行最終期望達成的情境狀態，就企業現狀與未來期望的差距（Gap）進行解析，一方面解析尋找企業因應核心競爭力，並可發揮綜效的新事業機會，一方面培育人才，轉型組織文化，並給予相對競爭所需充裕的資源，在不追求短期利益，但求提前部署，建構下一階段持續成長動能，掌握市場脈動，改變以建構企業發展所不足，選擇發揮集團綜效，掌握先機，為未來做最佳準備，並實現承諾投入足夠資源（人才，經費，技術…等），由策略，人才部署，團隊組成，技術、產品、解決方案研發與製造，行銷，服務 ，生態供應與價值鏈一致型持續的經營發展。 在深度參與個案公司進行新事業發展的專案基礎上，本研究以實際行動追蹤記錄並整理本個案實際經歷的過程作為研究的方法，進行了對智慧製造產業的發展脈絡分析，並以智慧製造相關新事業（智慧物流與機器人自動化事業）構思發想過程記錄整理並分析相關策略規劃，組織形成與績效評核的情況。體認新事業發展充滿風險與不確定性，企業需鼓勵、培養並塑造積極新事業發展的企業文化，形成明確的願景和支持創新、包容"成功的失敗"的企業氛圍、轉型成學習型組織。不斷培養專業經理人具備創業家的精神理念與思維，透過適當的授權與分工有助於新事業發展與創業家精神的培養。新事業發展需要有結構化的運作機制與紀律化的執行，搭配新事業發展管理組織與能夠實行跨職能團隊運作的對應組織來確保成功。因此建議新事業以獨立組織方式運作，讓新事業團隊擁有新事業發展的自主權，並設計一套差異化的績效衡量指標與有效的激勵機制，並支持得以自主尋求相關資源強化補足階段性面臨競爭所需補充的資源，促使發揮創新與創業家精神，確保新事業發展氣夠長，能掌握產業脈動時機，新事業發展成功，開創集團接續的發展。 最後經過對個案相關新事業發展的策略規劃，組織形成績效評核與激勵制度的分析討論，結論企業需從商業、市場、客戶的角度所需要的解決方案來評估新事業，而非僅着重於技術與產品的角度。同時要打破組織慣性，跨越企業文化限制，融合生態供應鏈，內外有效整合的價值鏈，縮短學習曲線。在持續與企業理念價值（顧客滿意，敏捷，創新，品質，團隊合作），環保、節能一致的新事業發展下，持續投入承諾資源，有耐心，不操之過急求近利，以追求持續的獲利性成長為長期目標。

This study focuses on a multinational large-scale technology group as a case study, explore its sustainable growth on the core business. Due to possible growth rate slows down, In order to achieve the sustainable operation of the enterprise, how to develop ideas through new business ideas, new business development strategy planning, new business development decision-making mechanism, establish and form a new business creation team organization, and how to establish a new business performance evaluation and incentive mechanism. We systematically analyze new business strategic positioning, organizational tasks, visions, goals, environmental demand trends, target industry suitability, target customer suitability, and competitive analysis, and summarize how the new business focuses on highlighting its own position in the group. Strategic positioning, and how to continue to expand the territory of emerging businesses. Finally, based on the analysis of these issues, try to find out the key factors for the success of new business development, and then provide practical suggestions for the development of new business development cases.

Through literature review, this study discusses the conception of new business ideas (new conception strategies and skills, six thinking hats), new business development strategy planning (evaluation of new business opportunities, business strategy planning), new business creation team organization Formation (competitive strategy and organizational capability adaptation research) and new business performance evaluation and incentive mechanism, it was found that when the new business development starts from the conception, it must start from the end, and carry out the situational state of the final expectation. Analyze the gap (Gap) between the company's current situation and future expectations. On the one hand, analyze and find new business opportunities that can respond to the company's core competitiveness and maximize corporation synergistic effects. On the one hand, cultivate talents, transform the organizational culture, and provide sufficient resources for relative competition. Instead of pursuing short-term interests, we seek to deploy ahead of time, build momentum for sustainable growth in the next stage, grasp the pulse of the market, and make changes to construct what is insufficient for enterprise development. Choose to give full play to the synergy of the group, grasp the opportunities, make the best preparations for the future, and realize the commitment to invest sufficient resources (talents, funds, technology, .etc.), including strategy, talent deployment, team composition, technology, products, solutions R&D and manufacturing, marketing, service, ecological supply and value chain consistent continuous business development.

On the basis of deeply participating in the case company's new business development project, this study uses actual actions to track and record and sort out the actual process of the case as a research method, and analyzes the development of the smart manufacturing industry. New business (intelligent logistics and robot automation business) ideation process records, organizes and analyzes relevant strategic planning, organizational formation and performance evaluation. Realize that the development of new business is full of risks and uncertainties. Enterprises need to encourage, cultivate and shape the corporate culture of positive new business development, form a clear vision and supporting innovation, tolerate "successful failure" corporate atmosphere, and transform into a learning organization. Continuously cultivate professional managers with entrepreneurial spirit concepts and thinking, and through appropriate authorization and mission distribution to be beneficial to the development of new businesses and the cultivation of entrepreneurial spirit. New business development requires a structured operating mechanism and disciplined execution, with a new business development management organization and a corresponding organization that can implement cross-functional team operations to ensure success. Therefore, it is recommended that the new business be operated in an independent organizational manner, so that the new business team has the autonomy of the new business development, and a set of differentiated performance measurement indicators and effective incentive mechanisms should be designed, and support can be independently acquired for relevant necessary supplementary resources against competition. And to promote innovation and entrepreneurial spirit to ensure the development of new businesses sustaining enough to grasp the right industry timing, the success of new business development, and the continuous development of the group.

Finally, after analyzing and discussing the strategic planning of new business development about the case study, and organizing the formation of performance evaluation and incentive systems, it is concluded that enterprises need to evaluate new businesses from the perspectives of business, market, and customers, rather than just focusing on technology and product perspective. At the same time, it is necessary to break organizational inertia, cross the constraints of corporate culture, integrate ecological supply chains, and effectively integrate internal and external value chains to shorten the learning curve. Under the new business development that is consistent with the value of the corporate philosophy (customer satisfaction, agility, innovation, quality, teamwork), environmental protection, and energy conservation, we will continue to invest in committed resources, be patient, and not rush for quick profits in order to pursue long-term sustainable profits goal.