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標題: | 遠紫外光C (222 奈米) 對登革病媒蚊之影響 Effects of Far-UVC Light (222 nm) on Dengue Vector Mosquitoes |
作者: | 陳盈瑄 Ying-Hsuan Chen |
指導教授: | 蔡坤憲 Kun-Hsien Tsai |
關鍵字: | 白線斑蚊,埃及斑蚊,遠紫外光 C,222 奈米,物理防治, Aedes albopictus,Aedes aegypti,far-UVC light,222 nm,physical control, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 蚊蟲因可傳播瘧疾、登革熱和屈公病等嚴重的蚊媒傳染病,而有世界上最致命的動物之稱。在台灣,埃及斑蚊和白線斑蚊是傳播登革熱的兩大病媒蚊,其病媒整合管理策略包括清除孳生源、生物防治、物理防治和化學防治。傳統紫外光殺菌燈慣用的波長為 254 奈米,已被廣用於滅殺各種病原體,但其暴露於人體皮膚和眼睛的風險是一大疑慮。近年來開發的波長 222 奈米的遠紫外光 C 可作為更安全的替代方案,然而,其在病媒上的應用仍有待研究。我們進行以 222 奈米遠紫外光 C (劑量:0.753 mJ/cm2/sec;距離:10 cm) 照射白線斑蚊和埃及斑蚊之卵、幼蟲和蛹的生物檢定以評估其對蚊蟲的影響。反轉錄即時定量聚合酶連鎖反應用於定量照射劑量與免疫基因 (hsp83) 和時鐘基因 (cry2 和 per) 的基因表現量之間的關係。依據生物檢定之 90% 致死劑量結果,我們開發了一個配備有 222 奈米遠紫外燈和數位定時器的誘卵滅幼桶原型,亦進行田野試驗。存活曲線顯示遠紫外光 C 對白線斑蚊和埃及斑蚊之一至四齡幼蟲皆有顯著的滅殺效果。儘管在照射實驗中 451.80 mJ/cm2 的遠紫外光 C 對卵的孵化率沒有影響,但已證實 67.77 mJ/cm2 的遠紫外光 C 可使100% 的幼蟲死亡,而 2,710.80 mJ/cm2 則可使 90% 的蛹致死。此外,我們也觀察到一些在四齡幼蟲的異常生理表現,包括黑化作用 (83.3%,N = 18)、啃咬肛鰓行為 (80.0%,N = 15)、扭動反應 (100%)、抽搐動作和癱瘓狀態。反轉錄即時定量聚合酶連鎖反應分析顯示 hsp83 和 cry2的表現量增加,per 減少,其中僅有經遠紫外光 C 照射一分鐘 (45.18 mJ/cm2) 之埃及斑蚊幼蟲的 hsp83 表現量有顯著高於控制組。由於遠紫外光 C 對蚊蟲的幼蟲期影響最為顯著,本誘卵滅幼桶原型僅需每日照射一次3分鐘 (35.28-82.94 mJ/cm2),桶內即無幼蟲可成功羽化,田野試驗亦已印證此款不需化學藥劑即可殺滅蚊幼蟲之誘卵桶設備的應用價值。 Mosquito is the deadliest animal in the world because of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Chikungunya. In Taiwan, there are Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti as vectors for dengue. Integrated vector management, including source reduction, biological control, chemical control, and physical control should be systematically considered. Ultraviolet C light (254 nm) has been used to inactivate pathogens, but the exposure risk of human skin and eyes to UV light should be seriously concerned. Therefore, 222 nm far-UVC light is developed as a safer alternative in recent years. Moreover, the application of using 222 nm far-UVC on vectors is limited. We evaluated the 222 nm far-UVC light (dosage: 0.753 mJ/cm2/sec; distance: 10 cm) to irradiate eggs, larvae, and pupae of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti for bioassay. For bioassay, survival curves, median and 90% lethal doses (LD50 and LD90), and establishment of the criteria for abnormal performances were presented. The RT-qPCR was applied to delineate the relationship between irradiation dosage and gene expression of immunogene (hsp83) and clock genes (cry2 and per). A prototype of larvicidal ovitrap equipped with 222 nm far-UVC light and a programmable time controller was designed for field trial. Survival curves of 1st to 4th instar larvae of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti indicated significant larvicidal effects. Although bioassays of eggs did not result in significant differences, the mortality effects of far-UVC light were convinced on larvae and pupae under irradiation dosages of 45.18 mJ/cm2 and 2,710.80 mJ/cm2, respectively. In addition, some abnormal performances of larvae were observed, including melanization (83.3%, N = 18), the behavior of biting anal gills (80.0%, N = 15), writhing response (100%), convulsion motion, and paralysis state. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed the increased gene expression of hsp83 and cry2 and decreasing of per. However, a significant difference was only found that the expression of hsp83 of 4th larvae of Ae. aegypti treated with 45.18 mJ/cm2 was higher than the control group. Since the prototype of ovitrap poses a significant impact on mosquito larvae with no larva surviving after 3 min irradiation (35.28-82.94 mJ/cm2) per day, the application value of this pesticide-free larvicidal ovitrap has been determined by field trials. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/90577 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202300756 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(限校園內公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 昆蟲學系 |
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