青少年睡眠時間之社會決定因素

Abstract

研究背景：青少年的睡眠狀況是常見的問題，不同國家的青少年都有不同程度的睡眠狀況，睡眠問題是一個健康的結果也是一個過程，睡眠問題可能會引申出更多不同生理及心理上的問題，如：肥胖、憂鬱等。所以必須要在形成睡眠問題前就作出預防，因此，就必須了解會導致青少年睡眠問題的社會決定因素，國外已有不少相關研究，但台灣在探討導致青少年睡眠問題方面的資料相對缺乏。 研究目的：本研究的目的有二：（一）探討社會經濟地位對青少年的睡眠問題的影響，（二）探討各項社會支持對於青少年的睡眠問題的影響。 研究方法：本研究資料來源為兒童與青少年行為之長期發展研究（CABLE）的第一世代，以2009年為九年級及2012年就讀十二年級兩個年度的樣本資料共2,857人為研究樣本。本研究利用研究樣本在國小四年級其親屬所回答之父母教育程度及國小五年級其親屬所回答之家庭經濟狀況、青少年自評各項社會支持為社會決定因素，睡眠問題及睡眠時數為睡眠狀況，利用多重線性迴歸分析社會決定因素對青少年睡眠問題的影響，並進一步控制個人因素以探討影響青少年睡眠問題的社會決定因素。 研究結果：（一）青少年的年級愈高，睡眠時數愈少、睡眠不足情形愈嚴重。 （二）不論控制個人特徵與否，青少年在十二年級時，父親教育程度愈高，睡眠債愈少；母親教育程度愈高，睡眠時數愈少、睡眠不足情形愈少，並且發現母親教育程度不同，青少年的睡眠時數差距很大。 （三）不論控制個人特徵與否，除了青少年在九年級時，鄰里支持愈高，睡眠時數愈少以外，社會支持與睡眠問題都沒有顯著相關。 結論：整體而言，青少年睡眠時間的社會決定因素在各個求學階段都不同，在青少年十二年級時最為顯著，父母教育程度會影響青少年的睡眠狀況。

Research Background: Nowadays, sleeping condition is a common issue for teenagers. Anyhow, teenagers from different countries will have different levels of sleep condition. These problems can direct to a variety of health results, and also it will trigger all different kinds of physiological and psychological problems. Such as, obesity, depression etc, . Consequently, the formation of sleep condition must be prevented. Therefore, understanding the social determinants that is causing the teenagers sleep condition issues will be the focus of this research. Hence, there are many related studies has been established from other foreign countries. However, Taiwan is relatively lack of information in this field.

Research Purpose: The two main purposes for this research is shown as below: (1) The effects that caused the teenagers sleep condition due to the Socioeconomic Status. (2) The different Social Support that is offered that effected the teenagers sleep condition.

Research Method: The research main study resource is from the "Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution: A School-based Health Life Style Study (CABLE)" of Cohort 1. The datas from this resource is based on the 2,857 students that was randomly picked within ninth graders from 2009 and twelfth graders from 2012 to attend as human samples for this research. Anyhow, research samples has been asked the education level of the parents from students in grade four, and the financial status, social support of teenager's self-evaluation as a social determinant, sleep condition issues and daily sleeping hours from fifth grader students. By using the Multiple Linear Regression and Logistic Regression to analyze the effect that social determinants has brought to the sleep condition of teenagers, also to further control the personal factors and explore the social determinants that effected adolescents sleep condition problems.

Research Results:(1) The higher age range of teenagers tend to have less sleep durations, and more serious sleep deficits. (2) Whether or not controlling the personal characteristics, teenagers from the twelfth grade, if the father has a higher level of education, the number of teens with sleep debt problems are fewer. In another hand, if the mother has a higher level of education, the teens will be short on sleep durations and sleep deficits problems are less. Also found that the different levels of education that the mother received, the difference within the sleep duration among adolescents is big. (3) Regardless of whether personal characteristics are controlled or not, except for the teenagers from the ninth grade, receiving a higher support from the neighbors will result that the teenager will have less sleep duration only. Other than that, the social support and sleep status are not significantly related.

Conclusion: Overall, the social determinants will effect the teenagers sleep duration according to the different grades that they are attending in school. And the most prominent results are shown towards the twelfth graders. The level of parental education also effects the sleep status of teenagers.