社區婦女對乳癌篩檢的認知和態度

Abstract

研究背景與目的：乳癌是國人婦女癌症發生率第一位，而乳房攝影檢查是目前實證上最有效的乳癌篩檢工具，但台灣婦女接受乳房攝影的檢查比例偏低，本研究透過健康信念模式，了解婦女對乳房攝影的認知和態度，以找出婦女不願意接受檢查的原因，以及可以促進檢查意願的介入方式。 研究方法：本研究為橫斷式的調查，採用網路問卷調查的方式，針對年滿45-69歲的婦女，經由網路或社群媒體宣傳，讓婦女自行上網填答，問卷調查的內容包括基本資料、健康信念模式、健康識能和乳癌篩檢的意願等四大部份。利用描述性統計、皮爾森相關分析、單因子變異數分析、線性回歸分析等，進行資料的分析並調查各變項與婦女接受乳房攝影檢查意願之間的關係。 研究結果：本研究最主要的發現，在於接受乳房攝影檢查的意願，和健康信念中，罹患乳癌感受性的認知、自覺乳癌篩檢的利益、自我效能、行為動機為正相關，和自覺篩檢障礙為負相關。其中，自覺利益、自我效能及行為動機等為中度正相關，自覺篩檢障礙為中度負相關，且在多變項分析中，對於受檢意願也有統計上顯著的影響力。乳癌感受性的認知則只有低度正相關，但在多變項分析中且無顯著影響。 結論：為了提昇婦女接受乳房攝影檢查的意願，應該提昇她們的自覺感受性、自覺篩檢利益、自我效能和行為動機，並儘可能的減少關於檢查的自覺障礙。

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Chinese women, and mammography is currently the most effective breast cancer screening tool. However, the proportion of women in Taiwan who receive mammography is low. This study uses health beliefs Models to understand women's perceptions and attitudes towards mammography to identify reasons for women's reluctance to undergo screening and interventions that can facilitate screening willingness. This study is a cross-sectional survey, using the method of online questionnaire survey, aiming at women aged 45-69 years old, through the Internet or social media publicity, and allowing women to fill in the Internet by themselves. The content of the questionnaire survey includes: Sociodemographic characteristics, health belief model, health literacy including knowledge of breast cancer screening and willingness to mammography. Using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, single factor analysis of variance, linear regression analysis, etc., to analyze the data and investigate the relationship between each variable and women's willingness to accept mammography. The result showed that the willingness to accept mammography is positively related to health beliefs, perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, perceived benefits of breast cancer screening, self-efficacy, and behavioral motivation. Perceived barriers are negatively correlated. Most of the respondents will not change their original willingness to be tested because of financial incentives. In conclusion, to increase women's willingness of mammography, their perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits of screening, self-efficacy, and behavioral motivation should be enhanced, and barriers to mammography should be reduced as much as possible.