從優秀到卓越 - 美商亞培公司與事業之發展策略研究

Abstract

過去幾年因為新冠病毒(COVID-19)的全球大流行，幾乎所有的國家都受到了巨大的衝擊與考驗，包括了對社會、政治、經濟等等各個層面的影響，而這些影響大多數是負面的，反觀醫療保健業在劇烈波動的總體經濟環境下，倒是表現出相對的產業穩健性。新冠病毒(COVID-19)的全球大流行對這個產業的成長甚至有推波助瀾的效果。 另外根據世界衛生組織的統計，80 歲或以上的人口數目預計在接下來的幾年將增加至目前的三倍，亦即由 2019 年的 1.43 億人，上升至 2050 年的 4.26 億人。所以即使是國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)預計接下來幾年全球經濟仍然會面臨許多的挑戰，例如持續性地通貨膨脹、地緣政治的不確定性及其他許多負面因素影響下，可能導致整體經濟發展在未來會趨緩，但不可諱言的是全球人口結構的轉變仍將在未來的幾十年帶動醫療保健行業的持續發展。 本研究試著鎖定一家在醫療保健行業中的全球企業，亦即美商亞培公司，希望透過一系列的觀察與分析去審視並評估該企業在過去五年，因為因應環境的改變而演化出來的企業成長策略、執行成效與結果，最終期待此一研究成果能成為其他生醫產業公司的仿效對象或借鏡。而這些一系列的分析包括了針對外部環境、競爭對手、產業環境、資源能力、事業組合、事業策略與成長策略的分析。 研究歸納以下結論： （一）、一個企業要持續成功需要從內部先審視起，首先要找到可以讓企業本身成為領先市場的關鍵事業，再則進行自我審視評估，進一步了解到企業本身是否對該事業充滿熱情及找出達成目標的驅動引擎。接下來則是執行企業成功三步驟，亦即有紀律的員工、有紀律的思考與有紀律的行動，缺一不可。就結果而論，目前該目標公司在這些環節上是確實的在扎實地執行並取得持續地成功。 （二）、一個企業的多角化經營可能有利於企業的未來發展，但是多角化經營存在著操作上的種種挑戰，包括官僚成本的增加、行政及後勤部門的支援多樣性及工作量的增加並導致管理上無法聚焦等，如何消彌企業多角化可能帶來的負面影響對企業至為關鍵。當然一個企業的多角化經營也有其好處包括，分散公司的投資風險、創造較大的內部資本市場、提高剩餘資源使用率或規避單一產業營運所帶來的風險，避免企業的盈餘波動影響到企業生存。而就結果論，個案公司至今在執行企業多角化的策略是非常成功的。而促成多角化經營成功最重要的關鍵因素應該與該企業歷任的CEO 是所謂的「第五級領導人」有關，該企業在內部的「第五級領導人」與領導團隊的帶領下，建立有紀律的團隊並採取有紀律的行動是絕對的相關的。 （三）、該企業在許多技術上透過「研發」與「創新」取得領先業界的技術與市占率，另外「購併」也是該企業達成差異化的重要策略之一。 （四）、因應外界快速變化的環境，事業策略應該保持彈性，迅速進行調整，以保持競爭力。

Many trends already underway being accelerated by the impact of the pandemic including society, politics economic stability and healthcare system development. The healthcare industry has shown relative stability in the past fluctuating general economic environment. According to the statistics report from World Health Organization(WHO), the number of people aged 80 or above will grow triple in the next few years. The elder population will also raise up from current 143 million to 426 million by 2050. Even though the International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts that global economy situation will face a lot of challenges including persistent inflation, geopolitical uncertainty and other unknow factors, but the shift in global demographic structure will become severe in the next few decades which is the main growth driver for healthcare industry development. Abbott Laboratories is an international leading company in healthcare industry and the purpose of this study is to evaluate whether this subject company consistently success in the past five year despite a lot of challenges whatever external and internal. The methodology including to conduct a series of evaluation for external environment, key competitors’ comparison, resource capabilities, business portfolio and business strategy. Corporate strategy and implementation effectiveness will definitely be cooperated within this evaluation. The desired outcome could be a benchmark or learning for other biomedical companies in Taiwan. The conclusions of this research: (1). Abbott applies the Hedgehog concept sincerely and identify his key business focus. A simple, crystalline concept that flows from deep understanding about the intersection of three circles: a) what you are deeply passionate about, b) what you can be the best in the world at, and c) what best drives your economic or resource engine. The next action is to implement these three steps with seamless. Disciplined employees, disciplined thinking and disciplined action are indispensable. (2) Diversify is the key cooperate strategy of Abbott despite the foreseeable challenges including the increasing in bureaucratic costs and workload, the diversity of administrative and logistic support which leads to the inability to focus on management. However, diversify also has its benefits, including, diversify the company's investment risks, create a larger internal capital market, increase the utilization rate of remaining resources or avoid the risks brought by a single industrial operation, and avoid the huge fluctuations in the company's earnings from affecting the survival of the company, and the current operation of the company is diversified. The results demonstrates Abbott operates “ Diversify Strategy” is very successfully. One of the reasons to support this success is due to Abbott has great “ level-five leader” with leadership team, a “culture of disciple” should be the key factor in this success of diversification operation. (3) Abbott also takes the lead in various areas which helps this company to gain market share and take the leading position in several product portfolios and this achievement replies on extraordinary "R&D" and "innovation" in many technologies. In addition, "acquisition" is also one of the important cooperate strategies to achieve this goal. (4) Accelerate adaptability is a critical capability for the success of any change initiative, Abbott did it and it should be consistently existing internally.