老人與假訊息：高齡者提升數位素養研究

Abstract

近年來，假新聞在臺灣和全球成為日益嚴重的問題。假訊息不僅限於政治領域，也涉及商業行銷和公共健康問題。值得注意的是，高齡者成為假新聞的主要受害者。由於數位落差和認知功能可能的退化，他們在辨識和查核信息方面遇到困難。因此，提高高齡者對不實訊息的辨識能力，並降低假訊息數星，則是本論文主要的研究問題。 本論文探討臺灣高齡者如何在數位媒體環境中，識別並應對假訊息。透過詮釋現象學的質化研究方法，本論文研究發現，高齡者在使用社群媒體時，其資訊分享行為的動機更多的是維繫人際關係，而非資訊本身的真偽。這種社交動機讓假新聞得以在高齡者間傳播。以健康為主題的假訊息尤其流行，因為它們被視為關心與照顧他人的方式。 此外，高齡者的數位媒體素養面臨挑戰，在面對新的數位技術時，他們普遍存在對年紀大的不自信和對學習新事物的恐懼。然而，透過長期的網路使用經驗，部分高齡者已能識別出假訊息的特徵。家人好友的協助查證，也是高齡者抵禦假訊息的重要方式。 本論文指出，提升高齡者的數位媒體素養，不僅需要增強他們對假新聞的識別能力，更需要激發他們的網路學習興趣，並將其視為一種社交工具，以此提升他們的社會參與感和幸福感。本論文研究亦發現，社區服務能夠有效幫助高齡者建立對網路社交和網路使用的積極態度，使高齡者更順利地進入數位時代。

In recent years, the issue of misinformation has become an increasingly serious problem in Taiwan and around the globe. The emergence of false information is not confined to the political arena; it also encompasses commercial marketing and public health issues. Older individuals are becoming the primary victims of misinformation. Due to the digital divide and potential cognitive decline, they face challenges in identifying and verifying information. Therefore, this paper focuses on reducing the misinformation and enhancing people’s ability to recognize misinformation. This study explores how the elderly cope with the issue of misinformation on social media. By using hermeneutic phenomenological method to learn primary motivation of seniors, this study finds that they spread false information on social media regardless of the information itself, but to maintain interpersonal social relations. They are particularly sensitive to health-related messages, and misinformation often exploits this by spreading under the guise of "concern for health". Moreover, the digital literacy education of the elderly faces serious challenges. The article argues that the lack of educational resources and systems leaves them uncertain and uneasy when dealing with the unfamiliar world of the Internet. The study also finds that a lack of interest is a huge barrier to improving media literacy among the elderly. It is suggested that by offering comprehensive community services, we can help the elderly develop a positive attitude towards online social interactions, enhancing their digital media literacy.