為阿拉伯世界翻譯中國

Abstract

本研究以翻譯為視角，從實力對比、前置關係、譯者個人生命史三個途徑，探究阿拉伯世界的中國形象生成。有鑑於學界的中國形象研究多聚焦於歐美、日韓等國家，阿拉伯世界仍是相對陌生的場域，研究此處的中國形象，對於明瞭中國與阿拉伯的現實互動、分析中國如何營造外部輿論環境，都有一定程度的參照意義。 本研究發現，從明清時代到1930年代，中國先後透過「以儒詮經」等穆斯林文化自覺運動、派赴埃及的留學生，完成了日後推進大規模中阿翻譯活動的人群動員：馬堅等「回儒」不僅為中國建立阿拉伯語教育系統，也在中國與阿拉伯國家進行政治接觸的過程中，扮演重要角色。1950年代至1970年代，中阿第一波大規模翻譯活動在革命政治的脈絡下登場，藉由大量輸出阿拉伯語版毛澤東著作，中國希望成為阿拉伯世界的「革命導師」，但這一形象工程伴隨中國停止毛主義外交、結束文革政治，在1970年代後走下了歷史舞台；2000年以後，中國又開始第二波面向阿拉伯的大規模翻譯活動，其力道在2013年「一帶一路」項目問世後更加強烈，中國的形象經營也從「進步大國」逐步走向「發展導師」。

From the perspective of translation, this thesis explores the formation of China's image in the Arab world from three approaches: power comparison, prior relationship, and translator's personal life. In view of the fact that most of the academic studies on China’s image focus on Europe, the United States, Japan, South Korea and other countries, the Arab world is still a relatively unfamiliar field. Studying the image of China in Arab world is helpful for understanding the interaction between China and Arab and analyzing how China creates an external public opinion environment. This thesis found that from the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the 1930s, China successively completed the mobilization of community for large-scale Chinese-Arabic translation activities in the future: "Hui Ru" such as Ma Jian not only established the Arabic education system for China, but also played an important role in the process of political contact between China and Arab countries. From the 1950s to the 1970s, the first large-scale Chinese-Arab translation activities took place in the context of revolutionary politics. By exporting a large number of Arabic versions of Mao Zedong’s works, China hoped to become a “revolution mentor” for the Arab world. However, after China stopped Maoist diplomacy and ended the Cultural Revolution politics, this image project faded after the 1970s; after 2000, China began a second wave of large-scale translation activities for Arabic, and its strength was intensified after the launch of the "Belt and Road" project in 2013, China's image management has gradually changed from a "progressive country" to a "development mentor".