糖衣毒藥的解方── 防止兒少網路性剝削的支持系統建構與強化

Abstract

兒少網路性剝削，指的是拍攝、製造或散布未成年的性私密影像，隨2017年入法以來案量逐年攀升。相較過往常見的報導內容多關注加害者的犯罪手法與教育宣導，本文聚焦支持系統能否接住這群不斷暴增的新受害者。透過深度訪談社工、師長與專家等以回答兩個主要問題：一、兒少網路性剝削的支持系統有哪些限制？二、如何強化既有的支持系統？ 有別於傳統性剝削的受害者多數來自高風險家庭，網路性剝削的受害兒少來自各類社經地位。細究被害人被剝削原因，以「被誘拐或被騙」及「好奇」為大宗，當孩子未能在現實中滿足情感需求，取得足夠支持與肯定，容易就此落入網狼陷阱，因信任對方而給出性私密影像。本文想藉此強調，孩子並非傻傻地將裸照交給陌生網友，而是藉此方式交換情感支持與肯定。 跳脫一味指責，本文主張從同理出發以建構支持系統。在長期處遇方面，多名兒少保護社工已跳脫過往簡化框架，能以不同角度同理這群新的受害者並發展有效的工作模式，如陪伴受害兒少重新認識身體界線與網路風險。然而穩健的支持系統並不能僅靠數名具同理心的社工撐起，台灣可參考英國模式，由政府聯合跨部會架起更綿密的支持網絡。 在影像下架方面，我國由iWIN網路內容防護機構主責，與影音平台溝通協商性私密影像的下架。儘管他們在該方面已累積足夠專業知能，但由於iWIN仍屬民間團體，實際運作時仍難伸拳腳，應賦予該單位更多資源與權力，甚至考慮參考歐盟《數位服務法》立法要求平台業者負下架性私密影像義務，才能有效阻止兒少性私密影像散布。

Child image-based sexual exploitation refers to the filming, production, or dissemination of sexual intimate images. Since it is officially recognized as a crime in 2017, the number of cases has been increasing every year. Compared with the common reports in the past, which pay more attention to the criminal methods and educational propaganda, this article focuses on whether the support system can accommodate this group of new victims who are constantly increasing. Through in-depth interviews with social workers, teachers and experts to answer two main questions: What are the limitations of the support system for online sexual exploitation of children? How to strengthen the existing support system? Unlike traditional sexual exploitation, where victims mostly come from high-risk families, victims of internet sexual exploitation come from various backgrounds. Investigating the reasons behind their exploitation, the main factors are "abduction or deception" and "curiosity." When children are unable to fulfill their emotional needs and receive sufficient support and affirmation in real life, they are susceptible to falling into the trap of online predators and may provide sexually intimate images due to trust in the other person. This article aims to emphasize that children do not simply foolishly hand over nude photos to strangers online; instead, they do so as a means of exchanging emotional support and affirmation. Rather than solely focusing on blame, this article advocates for building a support system based on empathy. In the context of long-term care, several social workers have moved beyond conventional frameworks and can empathize with these new victims from different perspectives, developing effective working models, such as accompanying the victims to rediscover their body boundaries and online risks. However, a robust support system cannot rely solely on a few empathetic social workers. Taiwan can consider the UK model, where the government collaborates across departments to establish a more comprehensive support network. Regarding the removal of such images, iWIN, an internet content protection organization, is responsible in our country. They negotiate with video platforms to take down sexually intimate images. While they have accumulated sufficient expertise in this area, iWIN is still a private organization and faces limitations in practical operation. Therefore, providing more resources and power to this unit is necessary, and considering references from the EU's "Digital Services Act" could effectively prevent the dissemination of sexual intimate images involving children and adolescents.