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  1. NTU Theses and Dissertations Repository
  2. 電機資訊學院
  3. 光電工程學研究所
請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/89879
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dc.contributor.advisor蘇國棟zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisorGuo-Dung J. Suen
dc.contributor.author王昱凱zh_TW
dc.contributor.authorYu-Kai Wangen
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-22T16:30:56Z-
dc.date.available2023-11-09-
dc.date.copyright2023-09-22-
dc.date.issued2023-
dc.date.submitted2023-08-14-
dc.identifier.citation[1] A. Salehi, X. Fu, D. H. Shin, and F. So, "Recent advances in OLED optical design," Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 29, no. 15, p. 1808803, 2019.
[2] Y. Huang, E.-L. Hsiang, M.-Y. Deng, and S.-T. Wu, "Mini-LED, Micro-LED and OLED displays: present status and future perspectives," Light: Science & Applications, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 105, 2020.
[3] X. Li, W. Yi, H.-L. Chi, X. Wang, and A. P. Chan, "A critical review of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) applications in construction safety," Automation in Construction, vol. 86, pp. 150-162, 2018.
[4] J. Xiong, E.-L. Hsiang, Z. He, T. Zhan, and S.-T. Wu, "Augmented reality and virtual reality displays: emerging technologies and future perspectives," Light: Science & Applications, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 216, 2021.
[5] X. Yang, L. T. Wood, and J. H. Miller, "Diffraction from tunable periodic structures: application for the determination of electro-optic coefficients," Applied Optics, vol. 40, no. 31, pp. 5583-5587, 2001.
[6] J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier optics. Roberts and Company publishers, 2005.
[7] Q. Yang, Z. Yang, Y. F. Lan, and S. T. Wu, "Low‐diffraction transparent micro light‐emitting diode displays with optimized pixel structure," Journal of the Society for Information Display, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 395-403, 2022.
[8] Y.-H. Tsai, M.-H. Huang, T.-W. Huang, K.-L. Lo, and M. Ou-Yang, "Image quality affected by diffraction of aperture structure arrangement in transparent active-matrix organic light-emitting diode displays," Applied optics, vol. 54, no. 28, pp. E136-E145, 2015.
[9] F. Aieta, P. Genevet, N. Yu, M. A. Kats, Z. Gaburro, and F. Capasso, "Out-of-plane reflection and refraction of light by anisotropic optical antenna metasurfaces with phase discontinuities," Nano letters, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1702-1706, 2012.
[10] S. Gedney, Introduction to the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for electromagnetics. Springer Nature, 2022.
[11] A. Taflove, S. C. Hagness, and M. Piket-May, "Computational electromagnetics: the finite-difference time-domain method," The Electrical Engineering Handbook, vol. 3, no. 629-670, p. 15, 2005.
[12] D. Sullivan, J. Liu, and M. Kuzyk, "Three-dimensional optical pulse simulation using the FDTD method," IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1127-1133, 2000.
[13] B. Gallinet, J. Butet, and O. J. Martin, "Numerical methods for nanophotonics: standard problems and future challenges," Laser & Photonics Reviews, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 577-603, 2015.
[14] Z. Szabo, G.-H. Park, R. Hedge, and E.-P. Li, "A unique extraction of metamaterial parameters based on Kramers–Kronig relationship," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2646-2653, 2010.
[15] D. Smith, D. Vier, T. Koschny, and C. Soukoulis, "Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials," Physical review E, vol. 71, no. 3, p. 036617, 2005.
[16] J. B. Schneider, "Understanding the finite-difference time-domain method," 2015.
[17] Z. Qin, J. Xie, F.-C. Lin, Y.-P. Huang, and H.-P. D. Shieh, "Evaluation of a transparent display's pixel structure regarding subjective quality of diffracted see-through images," IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1-14, 2017.
[18] R. Pestourie, C. Pérez-Arancibia, Z. Lin, W. Shin, F. Capasso, and S. G. Johnson, "Inverse design of large-area metasurfaces," Optics express, vol. 26, no. 26, pp. 33732-33747, 2018.
[19] J. Cheng, S. Inampudi, and H. Mosallaei, "Optimization-based dielectric metasurfaces for angle-selective multifunctional beam deflection," Scientific reports, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 12228, 2017.
[20] J. Hao, L. Zhou, and M. Qiu, "Nearly total absorption of light and heat generation by plasmonic metamaterials," Physical review B, vol. 83, no. 16, p. 165107, 2011.
[21] Y. Zhou, R. Chen, and Y. Ma, "Characteristic analysis of compact spectrometer based on off-axis meta-lens," Applied Sciences, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 321, 2018.
[22] H. Zuo et al., "High‐efficiency all‐dielectric metalenses for mid‐infrared imaging," Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 5, no. 23, p. 1700585, 2017.
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dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/89879-
dc.description.abstract本文首先討論了透明顯示器中的繞射效應及其對影像品質的影響,為了減少繞射效應,本文介紹了六種利用超穎結構來操縱相位梯度的光學改良方法。
首先,我們根據繞射理論解釋了透明顯示器中由週期性開孔結構導致的繞射效應。我們利用結合了波動光學和幾何光學傳播的模擬方法,來評估現今擴增實境與手機屏下系統中,人眼以及手機前置鏡頭收集到的影像所呈現出的繞射效應,並且嘗試在受影響的成像上量化繞射效果造成的模糊。
我們利用提出的模型分析了傳統透明顯示器中像素開孔率和面板解析度對繞射效應的影響。為了驗證模擬方法的準確性,在此文中設置了一個光學實驗來測量成像上繞射效應,並將量測到的實驗數據與模擬結果進行比較。
再者,為了減少繞射效應,本文介紹了有關於光學的改進方法。近幾年,由於超穎表面的快速發展,我們注意到超穎表面操縱相位梯度來改變光行進方向的能力。我們提出了六種藉由超穎表面的方法來應用在傳統透明顯示器,希望能改善其面臨到的影像模糊問題。雖然完全消除繞射仍存在挑戰,但通過使用先進的光學設計技術,本文討論了可行的方法,為未來的研究提供了有希望的途徑。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstractThis article discusses the diffraction effect in transparent displays and its impact on image quality. It starts by explaining the diffraction effect of periodic aperture structures in transparent displays using diffraction theory. The article then presents a simulation method that combines wave optics and geometric optics propagation to quantitatively evaluate the diffraction effect perceived by the human eye.
The article also analyzes the impact of pixel aperture ratio and panel resolution on the diffraction effect in traditional transparent displays using the proposed simulation model. To validate the accuracy of the simulation method, an optical experiment is conducted to measure the diffraction effect, and the experimental data are compared with the simulation results.
In order to mitigate diffraction, the article introduces six optical improvement methods using metasurface that are applied to the conventional pixel structure. While fully eliminating diffraction poses challenges, the article explores feasible methods using optical design techniques, offering promising avenues for future research.
en
dc.description.provenanceSubmitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2023-09-22T16:30:56Z
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dc.description.tableofcontents口試委員會審定書 .....#
誌謝 i
中文摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES xii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Diffraction Theory and Metasurfaces 5
2.1 Diffraction Theory and Theoretical Analysis 5
2.2 Principle of Metasurfaces 9
2.2.1 Generalized 3D Snell’s Law 10
Chapter 3 Simulation Methodology 16
3.1 Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) 16
3.2 S parameters extraction 19
3.3 Near-to-far-field Transform 23
3.4 Angular Spectrum Method 26
3.5 Physical Optics Propagation in ZEMAX 26
Chapter 4 Diffraction Simulation and Experiment 29
4.1 Modeling and Verifying workflow 29
4.2 Simulation results and Experiment measurement 32
Chapter 5 Optical Structure Improvement and Results 41
5.1 Phase compensation of unit aperture structure 42
5.1.1 Phase compensation via Angular Spectrum Method 42
5.2 Reduce diffraction effect from aperture edge 49
5.2.1 Compensate spherical wavelets' phase difference 49
5.2.2 absorb the source of spherical wavelets 56
5.2.3 Avoid contact with the edge by beam shrinking 62
5.3 Disperse diffraction superposition due to periodic aperture structure 70
5.3.1 Pi phase shift method 70
5.3.2 Edge phase shift method 74
Chapter 6 Future Work 80
Chapter 7 Conclusion 83
REFERENCE 84
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dc.language.isozh_TW-
dc.subject繞射效應zh_TW
dc.subject透明顯示器zh_TW
dc.subject擴增實境zh_TW
dc.subject屏下鏡頭zh_TW
dc.subject超穎表面zh_TW
dc.subjectdiffraction effecten
dc.subjectaugmented realityen
dc.subjectunder-display cameraen
dc.subjecttransparent displaysen
dc.subjectmetasurfacesen
dc.title超穎表面結構改善繞射環境下解析度之設計zh_TW
dc.titleDesigning Metasurfaces to Improve Resolution Under Diffraction Environmenten
dc.typeThesis-
dc.date.schoolyear111-2-
dc.description.degree碩士-
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee蔡睿哲;鄭超仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.oralexamcommitteeJui-che Tsai;Chau-Jern Chengen
dc.subject.keyword透明顯示器,擴增實境,屏下鏡頭,繞射效應,超穎表面,zh_TW
dc.subject.keywordtransparent displays,under-display camera,augmented reality,diffraction effect,metasurfaces,en
dc.relation.page87-
dc.identifier.doi10.6342/NTU202304162-
dc.rights.note同意授權(全球公開)-
dc.date.accepted2023-08-14-
dc.contributor.author-college電機資訊學院-
dc.contributor.author-dept光電工程學研究所-
顯示於系所單位:光電工程學研究所

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