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標題: | 用於植入式生醫用途具高能量效率之400MHz射頻收發器設計 Design of 400-MHz Energy-Efficient RF Transceivers for Bio-medical Implantable Applications |
作者: | Yao-Hong Liu 劉耀鴻 |
指導教授: | 林宗賢 |
關鍵字: | 植入式生醫元件,低功率射頻收發器,超再生接收器,三角積分,頻率合成器,鎖相迴路,FSK,PSK,Half-sine shaping OQPSK, bio-medical implantable devices,low-power RF transceivers,super-regenerative receivers,sigma-delta,frequency synthesizers,phase-locked loop (PLL),FSK,PSK,Half-sine shaping OQPSK, |
出版年 : | 2009 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 在本篇論文中將介紹一個可用於植入式醫療用途之低功率射頻收發器。此收發器操作在400MHz的頻段,且在上傳及下傳的路徑上採用不同的調變方式以及傳輸率來達到最佳化。在下傳路徑上使用一個156kbps的ASK接收器,而在上傳路徑上則使用6Mbps GFSK、17.5Mbps OQPSK以及25Mbps HS-OQPSK三種發射器架構。第一章及第二章將先討論我們預定使用的醫療用途及收發器設計考量。第三章則介紹了常用的低功率收發器架構,包括超再生式接收器以及鎖相迴路式及混波器式直接調變發射器。
第四章首先會介紹用於下傳接收上,採用一個具有”三角積分脈寬數位器”之超再生式ASK接收器。此三角積分脈寬數位器是相當於用於脈寬領域上之三角積分調變器,它可以達到0.23ns的脈寬偵測解析度。整體接收器消耗900uW,在156kbps的接收率時可以達到-78dBm的接收靈敏度。 然後在第五章及第六章將會分別介紹用於上傳發射之FSK/PSK雙模發射器。首先,第五章討論一個可做G/FSK上傳調變之”三角積分相位旋轉器”。經由適當的選取鎖相迴路輸出之多項位訊號,此三角積分相位旋轉器可以等效合成具有高頻率解析度之頻率調變器。此G/FSK發射器消耗9mW且可輸出-11dBm的功率,在最大6Mbps的傳輸率下可達到1.5nJ/bit的能量效率。然而在第六章則介紹一個OQPSK發射器,它可以使用三角積分相位旋轉器中的”相位選擇器”,直接選擇四相位訊號中的其中一相位輸出來達成OQPSK調變。此OQPSK發射器消耗3.5mW,在最大17.5Mbps的傳輸率時此發射器可以達到200pJ/bit的能量效率並可輸出-8dBm的輸出功率。 為了更進一步的改善OQPSK發射器的頻譜效率,第七章提出一個將”內嵌FIR之相位選擇器”來將OQPSK調變做時域半弦濾波,因此可以將OQPSK調變之旁帶能量降低。此發射器架構消耗1.4mW(不含鎖相迴路)且可達到最大25Mbps的傳輸率。最後,第八章將會提供此論文的總結。 A low-power radio transceiver designed for implantable medical applications is presented in this dissertation. These transceivers operate at around 400-MHz band and utilize different modulation schemes and data rate between downlink and uplink. A low-data-rate ASK RX is presented for downlink reception; while high-data-rate GFSK, OQPSK and HS-OQPSK TXs are demonstrated for uplink transmission. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 will firstly discuss the targeted medical applications as well as the design requirements for the medical transceivers. In Chapter 3, several low-power transceiver architectures are introduced, including a super-regenerative receiver, mixer-based and PLL-base direct-modulation transmitters. Downlink reception adopted a super-regenerative ASK RX with a proposed Delta-Sigma Pulse-Width-Digitizer (DS-PWD) will be presented in Chapter 4. The DS-PWD can be considered as a pulse-width-domain counterpart of a conventional Delta-Sigma modulator which can suppress quantization jitter by 22 dB and achieve a pulse-width detection resolution of 0.23 ns. The whole receiver consumes 900 uW. With a 156-kbps data rate, the RX achieves -78-dBm sensitivity. Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 will then present a MUX-based dual-mode uplink TX. First, a Sigma-Delta Phase Rotator (SD-PR) designed for G/FSK uplink transmission is discussed in Chapter 4. By properly combining the multi-phase signals from the PLL output, the SD-PR can effectively synthesize frequency modulation signals with fine-resolution frequencies. The proposed G/FSK TX consumes 9 mW and delivers -11-dBm output power. With a maximum data rate of 6-Mbps, the G/FSK TX achieves 1.5-nJ/bit energy efficiency. Chapter 6 presents an energy-efficient OQPSK TX which can also be implemented with the SD-PR proposed in Chapter 5, by directly selecting one of the quadrature phases through the Phase MUX. The whole OQPSK TX dissipates 3.5 mW. With a maximum data rate of 17.5 Mbps, the OQPSK TX achieves an energy efficiency of 200 pJ/bit and is capable of delivering an output power up to -8 dBm. In order to further improve the spectral efficiency of previous MUX-based OQPSK transmitter, Chapter 7 proposed a FIR-embedded Phase-MUX which allows to half-sine shape the OQPSK modulation; thus reducing the side-lobe energy of OQPSK modulation. The proposed HS-OQPSK TX (without PLL) consumes 1.4 mW and achieves 25-Mbps data rate. Finally, Chapter 8 will summarize and conclude this dissertation. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/8978 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 電子工程學研究所 |
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