都市林蔭人行空間的葉隙流光對情緒及心率變化之影響

Abstract

在林蔭空間當中時常可以看見斑駁的光影，閃爍的陽光自樹冠上方透射、流洩，這樣的現象在日本被稱為「木漏れ日(komorebi)」，也就是所謂的「葉隙流光」。日本研究者高山範理發現，人們在看見具有葉隙流光的森林照片以及不具有葉隙流光的森林照片時，人們會有不一樣的情緒反應產生，以及對環境有著不一樣的評價。而這樣的結果也在其他相關的研究被發現。 但至今為止，研究仍處於森林的「葉隙流光」的有無對於人的生心理反應之影響，還未探討不同的「葉隙流光」是否會對人產生生心理反應上的差異。且在都市當中也有林蔭步道、公園等可以體驗到類似森林中葉隙流光的環境，在都市的人們也更加的需要這樣的體驗來減輕人們在都市中的生心理壓力。因此本研究之研究目的在於了解不同的「葉隙流光」在都市景觀中是否會對於受測者產生不一樣的情緒及生理壓力變化。從前人的研究中可以發現「葉隙流光」具有「透過樹冠後傾洩而下的陽光」以及「在物體表面產生的斑駁光影」兩種表現，因此以這兩個概念作為本研究對於「葉隙流光」描述的參數，並以學者高山範理在2012及2020年研究中發現葉隙流光影響的「活力感」及「明亮感」作為研究變項，以及使用Russell的情緒雙極量表和非侵入式的胸帶式心率感測器來檢測受測者的情緒以及心率，並以此來探討不同的葉隙流光對受測者是否會產生不同的生心理變化。 本研究結果指出，葉隙流光的「葉隙流光率」是一個重要的影響因素，並且隨著葉隙流光率的提高，人們對於「活力感」及「明亮感」感受也會提升，進而影響到人們的情緒中的喚起程度。 本研究在理論上提供了葉隙流光環境如何影響人們的途徑參考，在實際應用方面則可以依照使用者的需求來改變環境中的葉隙流光，以營造適合使用者目的的環境。

As research on "forest bathing (shinlin-yoku)" has gradually risen in recent years, the phenomenon of "leaf-gap streamers" in forests has also begun to be explored. Mottled light and shadow can often be seen in such a shaded space, and the flickering sunlight is transmitted and leaked from the top of the tree canopy. Such a phenomenon is called "komorebi" in Japan, which is also called "leaf gap streamer". Japanese researcher Takayama Norimasa found that when people saw forest photos with komorebi and forest photos without komorebi, people would have different emotional reactions and have different evaluations of the environment. Such results have also been found in other related studies. But so far, studies have been conducted on the effects of the presence or absence of " komorebi " on people's physiological and psychological responses, and it has not been explored whether different " komorebi " will produce differences in people's biological and psychological responses. In the city, there are also tree-lined trails, parks, etc. where we can experience the environment similar to the flowing light in the forest. People in the city also need such an experience to reduce the psychological pressure of people in the city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand whether different "komorebi" in the urban landscape will produce different emotional and physiological stress changes for the subjects. From previous research, it can be found that " komorebi " has two manifestations: "sunlight pouring down through the tree canopy" and "mottled light and shadow on the surface of the object". Therefore, by measuring the physical properties of the two as the parameters for the description of " komorebi " in this study, and in the research of scholar Takayama Norimasa in 2012 and 2020, it was found that the komorebi affects the "sense of vitality" and "brightness of the environment" as research variables, and use Russell's emotional bipolar scale and non-invasive chest strap heart rate sensor to detect the subject's mood and heart rate, and use this to explore whether different komorebi will have different physiological and psychological changes effects on the subject. The results of this study pointed out that the " komorebi rate" of the komorebi environment is an important factor, and with the increase of the komorebi rate, people's feelings of "vigor" and "brightness" of the environment will also improve, which in turn affects the degree of arousal. This study provides a theoretical reference for how the komorebi environment affects people. In practical applications, the komorebi in the environment can be changed according to the user's needs, so as to create an environment suitable for the user's purpose.