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標題: | 加密通訊軟體對犯罪偵查之衝擊暨立法對策 The Challenges and Policy Implications in Criminal Investigation in the Encryption of Communication Software. |
作者: | 林彥均 Yen-Chun Lin |
指導教授: | 林鈺雄 Yu-Hsiung Lin |
關鍵字: | 網路通訊軟體,端對端加密,來源端通訊監察,秘密線上搜索,國家木馬,解密義務, Encryption,End-to-End Encryption,Communication Software,Going Dark,Decryption Obligations,Lawful hacking,Government hacking,Remote Computer Search, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 隨著網路通訊軟體之普及化以及日新月異之附屬功能,時至今日網路通訊軟體幾乎已完全取代傳統通訊成為主要之通訊工具,而通訊軟體之隱私性及安全性不僅係消費者選擇使用時之重要考量,更係網路通訊商爭取客戶支持之重要條件,隨著端到端加密技術成為時下網路通訊軟體之標準配備,傳統通訊監察已無用武之地,當普羅大眾因加密技術享有更高規格資訊安全保護之同時,犯罪行為也因此受到掩蓋,世界各國的執法機關均面臨前所未有之挑戰。
為制衡加密技術發展對執法產生之衝擊,近來世界多國紛紛掀起對抗加密立法浪潮,賦予執法機關用以對抗加密之執法工具,立法模式大致可分為解密義務及國家木馬2種。我國面臨相同執法挑戰之同時,亦嘗試推出立法對策,法務部於109年9月8日公告「科技偵查法」立法草案,係我國首次針對科技偵查干預手段提出立法草案,然卻因遭到諸多質疑未能順利完成立法。 我國憲法第23條揭示法治國原則下對於人民基本權利之干預均須有民主正當性的法律為基礎,國家不僅負有追訴犯罪及保護人民之義務,更應確保政府執法手段恪遵法律保留原則、比例原則等憲法基本原理原則,從近期幾件大型跨國合作執法行動可知,後續案件要能成功定罪,仍需有經得起司法檢視之執法依據方能使查緝不法犯罪成果得以維持。準此,本文希冀透過我國現行法制與外國近來立法趨勢相互比對,突顯我國面對加密通訊軟體對執法衝擊實施應有立法對策之重要性及必要性,介紹近年來英、法、德、荷及澳等國對抗加密之立法,作為我國之立法借鏡,並於文末提出本文建議之設備端通訊監察、秘密線上搜索以及解密令狀之草案條文,希冀對我國立法產生拋磚引玉之效果,並對我國整體科技偵查法制規範提出立法建議。 Communication software has replaced traditional methods of communicating. The privacy and security of communication software are not only an important consideration for consumers but also a selling point for the company to win the market. End-to-End Encryption allows communication software to create secure communication links between devices that prevent intermediate devices from being exposed to sensitive information during transit. While people enjoy higher standards of information security protection due to encryption technology, criminal activities also are covered up. Therefore, law enforcement agencies over the world are facing the same unprecedented challenges. In order to balance privacy and public safety and prevent criminals from using advances in encryption technology to their advantage, many countries have promoted encryption legislation in recent years. The legislative models can be roughly divided into decryption obligations and lawful hacking. In Taiwan, the government faces the same challenge and announced the Science and Technology Investigation draft, which was the first time Taiwan proposed draft legislation on scientific and technological investigation intervention methods. However, it did not successfully complete the legislative process due to many doubts. Art. 23 in the Constitution of R.O.C rules that all the fundamental freedoms and rights restrictions should comply with legal reservation and proportionality. Law enforcement in Taiwan needs not only the technology but also the legal basis to combat serious crimes. Hence, the article tries to introduce the encryption legislation in the UK, France, Germany, Netherlands, and Australia as a reference for our country and puts forward legislative suggestions in terms of lawful hacking and decryption obligation. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/88781 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202301879 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 法律學系 |
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ntu-111-2.pdf | 3.23 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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