智能障礙者活力老化量表之建構

Abstract

本研究目標為建構智能障礙者活力老化量表，研究採用質量混合方法，主要包含三個階段：內容效度-專家小組、焦點團體和量表施測。重要結果如下述： 1.內容效度-專家小組：本研究邀請共6位學者專家參與評估量表的內容效度。使用I-CVI≥0.78、S-CVI/UA≥0.8、S-CVI/Ave≥0.9為檢驗標準，作為保留、刪除或調整題目的參考。本研究總量表S-CVI/UA=0.89、S-CVI/Ave=0.98，皆達標準；I-CVI部分，刪除一題I-CVI=0.5之題目，其他有8題之I-CVI為0.83≥0.78，故依照學者專家建議修改題目。 2.焦點團體：本研究邀請專業工作者參與焦點團體，以檢視本研究所發展之量表在實務場域進行的可行性、用詞的適當性等，共進行2次焦點團體，參與的工作者共10位，每次焦點團體約2小時。焦點團體討論結果用於修改和改進量表與指導手冊。 3.量表施測：研究聘請機構/協會的專業工作者作為研究守門員（訪員），使用量表進行面對面訪問智能障礙者（年齡35歲以上，能夠清楚表達自己想法）。施測時間範圍約為35-50分鐘；透過訪員施測後之回饋，本研究得知智障者多能完全理解量表的文字敘述方式。此外，根據結果亦可了解，本量表的施測可以在單次面訪中完成，因此不會造成智障者專注力不集中或使其產生心理壓力或情緒起伏等負面影響。 本研究根據世界衛生組織所提出的活力老化政策架構(Active ageing : a policy framework)為基礎，建構智能障礙者活力老化量表，以了解和評估高齡智能障礙者的活力老化狀況和需求。而本量表的使用可以提供專業工作者評估智障者活力老化各面向狀況，並為他們提供適切的支持與福利服務。如能進一步收集常模並建立資料庫，可提高量表的有效性及參考性，為政府和相關機構提供更精準的參考標準，滿足智障者在活力老化上的需求，提高其生活品質。

The main objective of this study is to develop an Active Aging Scale for persons with intellectual disabilities. The research employed a Mixed-Methods approach consisting of three stages: content validity - expert panel, focus groups, and scale administration. The main results are as follows: 1.Content validity - expert panel: six scholars and experts were invited to assess the content validity of the scale. The criteria for evaluation included I-CVI ≥ 0.78, S-CVI/UA ≥ 0.8, and S-CVI/Ave ≥ 0.9, which determined whether items should be retained, deleted, or modified. The overall S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave of the scale were 0.89 and 0.98, respectively, meeting the standards. Regarding I-CVI, one item with an I-CVI of 0.5 was removed, and another eight items had an I-CVI of 0.83 ≥ 0.78, therefore, the suggested modifications by the expert panel were implemented. 2.Focus groups: professional practitioners were invited to participate in focus groups to assess the feasibility and appropriateness of the developed scale in practical. Two focus group sessions were conducted, with each session lasting approximately two hours, 5 participants. The outcomes of the focus group discussions were used to modify and improve the scale and its accompanying manual. 3.Testing the developed scale: professional practitioners (from organizations/associations) hired, serving as research gatekeepers (interviewers) and conducted face-to-face interviews with persons with intellectual disabilities aged 35 and above who were able to express their thoughts clearly. The assessment duration for the scale were about 35 to 50 minutes. Feedback from the interviewers indicated that persons with intellectual disabilities could fully understand the wording and descriptions of the scale. Additionally, it was found that the scale could be completed in a single face-to-face interview without causing a lack of concentration, psychological pressure, or emotional fluctuations among individuals with intellectual disabilities. Based on the policy framework of active aging proposed by the World Health Organization, this study developed an Active Aging Scale for persons with intellectual disabilities to understand and assess their active aging status and special needs. The use of this scale allows professional practitioners to evaluate various aspects of active aging in persons with intellectual disabilities and provide appropriate support and services. Further collection of normative data and the establishment of a database would enhance the effectiveness and referential value of the scale, providing more accurate reference standards for governments and relevant institutions to meet the active aging needs of persons with intellectual disabilities and improve their quality of life.