家庭暴力報導中受害女性形象研究——以臺灣三家報紙網路新聞為例

Abstract

隨著臺灣《家庭暴力防治法》的施行，媒體逐漸重視對家庭暴力議題討論。雖然近年來社會性別意識逐漸普及，媒體在報導家暴事件時，仍存在一些隱晦的性別歧視問題。《自由時報電子報》、《中時新聞網》與《聯合新聞網》作為臺灣三大報所衍生的新聞網站，其報導具有一定的代表性，因此成為本論文研究媒體建構受暴女性是否具有社會性別意識的重要窗口。 本論文以社會性別理論為基礎，以涉及受暴女性的家庭暴力報導為研究對象，研究期間為2021年11月30日至2022年12月31日，研究方法則是運用內容分析法和文本分析法，探究三家媒體在家暴新聞報導中的建構方式、以及體現的社會性別意識強度。首先，通過對三家媒體在期間發布的涉及受家暴女性的報導進行內容分析，三家媒體主要以「報導中性呈現」的方式報導家暴新聞，同時也較注重「法律或社會救助」，也有一定比例「同情受暴女性」引發社會大眾對這一議題的關注，但這之中也存在「報導歸責受暴女性」的情況，且「報導彰顯受暴女性積極形象」的內容極少。這表明三家媒體在報導家暴議題時雖較注重客觀事實，對受家暴女性的關注度也較高，展現合理的同情傾向。 在文本分析後發現，媒體的同情報導中，受家暴女性的形象主要為無力反抗、無盡被動、脆弱、無辜、悲慘與無望的受暴女性；媒體的歸責報導中，則強調逆來順受、經濟依附性強的傳統女性形象；積極報導中勇敢反抗暴力、堅定維權的正面女性形象。也由此可以分析出，三家媒體需更重視受暴女性的積極形象的呈現，避免在報導中過度弱化女性的性格、反抗能力等從而貶低女性的能動力與社會地位。從社會性別理論的角度來看，這些報導整體上秉持客觀真實的報導原則，塑造多種女性形象，並探討婦女權益保護方面的內容。然而，對受暴女性形象的建構方式仍缺乏社會性別意識，主要體現在對女性傳統性別形象、將女性作為暴力敘事中的「他者」等刻板印象、以及未能全面展現女性主體性等面向。

With the implementation of the "Domestic Violence Prevention Act" in Taiwan, the media has gradually paid more attention to the discussion of domestic violence issues. However, despite the increasing prevalence of social gender consciousness in recent years, there are still subtle gender biases in the media's coverage of domestic violence incidents. As the online platforms derived from Taiwan's three major newspapers, The Liberty Times, China Times, and United Daily News could serve as an important window to evaluate whether the media's construction of victimized women reflects social gender consciousness. This study focuses on domestic violence reports involving victimized women. Based on content analysis and textual analysis, it explores the construction methods used by these three media outlets in their coverage of domestic violence reporting and the degree of social gender consciousness expressed therein. Firstly, through content analysis of reports published by these three media outlets from November 30, 2021, to December 31, 2022, it was found that they predominantly adopt a "neutral presentation" approach in reporting domestic violence news. They also give relatively more attention to "legal or social assistance" and elicit a certain level of public concern through "sympathy for victimized women." However, within these reports, there are cases where victimized women are unjustly blamed, and there is minimal content that highlights the positive image of victimized women. This indicates that while the three media outlets demonstrate a focus on objective facts and a higher degree of concern for victimized women, they still need to confront the issue of unjust blame in their reporting and improve the balance of their reporting themes. After further in-depth text analysis, it can be summarized that the portrayal of female victims of domestic violence can be classified into several images. In sympathetic reports, they are depicted as powerless, endlessly passive, fragile, innocent, miserable, and hopeless victims. In blame-focused reports, they are portrayed as traditional women who endure adversity and exhibit strong economic dependency. In positive reports, they are depicted as brave individuals who resist violence and assertively advocate for their rights. Consequently, it can be concluded that the three media outlets should pay more attention to presenting the positive image of victimized women, avoiding the excessive weakening of female characteristics and resistance capabilities that could diminish their agency and social status. From the perspective of social gender theory, these reports overall adhere to the principle of objective and truthful reporting, presenting various female images and exploring issues related to women's rights protection. However, there is still a lack of social gender consciousness in the construction of victimized women's images, primarily manifested in the perpetuation of traditional gender stereotypes, the portrayal of women as "others" in the narrative of violence, and the incomplete representation of women's subjectivity.