製造合一: 臺灣巨型教會的組織凝聚與動員機制

Abstract

本研究揭露當代台灣積極參與社會的巨型教會如何藉由小組、組織運作、集體文化與動員論述，克服巨型組織內部的互動張力，以凝聚並動員信徒成為進入社會的轉化力量。本文以「傳恩堂」，一間發展近五十年的巨型教會，試圖回應研究問題:「作為具有明確擴張傾向且高度重視社會參與的台灣巨型教會，傳恩堂如何可能做為宗教少數，但仍形塑並凝聚會眾的投入與認同，並進一步將宗教力量轉化為進入世俗中的力量?」研究者延續既有研究中以組織為綱的討論軸線，以近九個月的田野工作，以微觀互動視角回應此問題。本文首先從微觀小組互動切入，指出在小組員間建立的彼此承擔連帶感，以及小組間流淌的權力規訓共存下，信徒協商於兩者間，也被程度不一地牽繫於傳恩堂的微型群體中。其二，即使傳恩堂以不完全理性科層的組織運作著，全職同工們面對勞動過程中諸多張力時，仍因著「領袖文化」而選擇服膺異象領袖與組織，使得組織仍然得以持續運轉無息，推動更多凝聚信徒的行動。進而，面對或高度凝聚、或離散的信徒。傳恩堂藉由營造具有高度集體性且與在地文化連結的家庭集體想像，牽繫異質的眾人於傳恩堂，並帶來為家付出、使家代代傳承的凝聚與動員力量。最後，傳恩堂 在高度身體性的靈性敬拜之外，賦予信徒行動意義。他們相信，成為具有卓越影響力的信徒，將可以為自己與集體帶來在現世且實際的改變。此論述回應諸多都市新興中產階級深刻的需要，使傳恩堂成為一處為苦難的集體經驗，帶來解方與解放的集體避難所。以此，本研究指出宗教經濟學之外，道德社群取徑在傳恩堂中的重要性。同時，本文也指出台灣巨型教會做為宗教少數，融入在地文化的嘗試。最後，傳恩堂所吸引與容納著的都市新興中產階級，標示這類傳遞集體動員力量的巨型教會，正改動著台灣基督徒人口特徵圖像，並為當代社會保守力量動員提供一處不容忽略的動力之源。

The present study unveils how a contemporary megachurch in Taiwan, which passionately participate in social issues, effectively manages internal conflicts, fosters congregational commitment, and mobilizes its members through a systematic approach that encompasses both individual perspectives and collective narratives. This research aims to address the following inquiry: "How does the P.R. Church generate commitment among its congregants and further mobilize them within social spheres?" The researcher conducted an extensive nine-month field study within a megachurch referred to as "the P.R. church." To begin with, this paper proposes that members of cell groups within the P.R. Church navigate between community support and disciplinary authority, forging distinct connections with the core small groups. Additionally, full-time fellows within the church assimilate the "leader culture" to comprehend and make sense of the irrationalities and conflicts that arise within the organization. Furthermore, the P.R. Church cultivates a Chinese family environment that regulates interactional norms and delineates the responsibilities associated with active participation in the congregation. This approach effectively bridges the gap between heterogeneous communities within the congregation. Lastly, the church constructs a narrative centered around material and collective transformation, offering the emerging urban middle class within the church a means to seek deliverance. Thus, in addition to the individualistic market approach, this study highlights the Durkheimian communal aspect within a religious organization. Moreover, the study emphasizes that megachurches, such as the P.R. Church, are reshaping the landscape of Christian populations in Taiwan while also serving as conduits for the introduction of right-wing ideologies.