越南高層住宅火災風險研究

Abstract

隨著人口增長，對高層住宅建築的需求也不斷增加，由於此類建築於救災與疏散特別不易，高層建築之火災風險與消防安全持續受到許多關注。本研究的目的是為了更清楚地了解越南高層住宅建築的消防安全狀況。研究包括建築觀察調查和居民問卷調查，希望同時從建物與使用者等兩方面進行分析探討。本研究首先透過層級分析法辨識出影響高樓火災風險的重要因素，建立出一套高樓消防安全性的評分模式，並對越南河內的十棟高層住宅進行了觀察與分析。從結果發現這十棟高層住宅的消防安全狀況參差不齊，半數沒有應急電梯，還發現了其他影響消防安全的問題。另外，本研究對多棟高層建築居民進行了問卷調查，目的是了解其建築狀況、消防安全管理情況以及居民消防安全知識和意識。分析結果顯示，受教育程度和消防演習是對居民消防知識和意識水準影響最大的兩個因素。調查結果還顯示大多數居民雖然對高層建築消防安全有基本了解，但準備工作仍不足。除緊急電梯和避難樓層外，大多數受訪者居住的建築物都配備了消防系統，然而定期消防安全檢查和演練次數不足。最後，本研究根據文獻回顧與研究分析結果，為高層住宅建築的不同利益關係者提出了建議。本研究之結果可為提高高層建築消防安全提供參考。該分析框架可用於更大範圍越南高層住宅的消防安全狀況檢查，亦可以延伸應用於其他類型的高層建築，如辦公大樓和商業建築。

As the population grows, the need for more high-rise residential buildings is also rising. Due to the difficulty of fire fighting and evacuation, the concern about fire risk in high-rise buildings is getting more attention than ever. The aim of this study is to have a clearer view of the fire safety situation of high-rise residential buildings in Vietnam. The study consists of a building observation survey and a questionnaire for residents. In the observation, ten high-rise residential buildings in Hanoi, Vietnam, were observed and analyzed. These buildings were then given a weighted fire safety score, and the weights were determined by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods with experts. The most important aspects from an expert’s point of view and the aspects of the observed buildings with poor performance were identified. From the result, the fire safety condition of ten buildings varied. Half of the buildings do not have an emergency elevator, and other issues are also detected. Next, a questionnaire was given to the residents of several high-rise buildings in Vietnam to check the condition of their buildings, the fire safety management, and the resident’s knowledge and awareness of fire safety. After analyzing the result, education level and fire drills are two factors that affect the level of knowledge and awareness the most. The questionnaire also shows that most residents have basic knowledge about fire safety in high-rise buildings, but their preparation for it is not enough. Most of the respondents’ buildings are equipped with fire protection systems except for the emergency elevator and refuge floor. The frequency of regular fire safety inspections and drills is not enough. Based on the literature review and the research results, several suggestions are given to different stakeholders of high-rise residential buildings. The result of this study can be used to improve the level of fire safety for high-rise buildings. The analytical framework can be used on a larger scale to check the fire safety conditions of high-rise residential buildings in Vietnam. The approach can be applied to other kinds of high-rise buildings, e.g., office buildings and commercial buildings.