東南亞籍新住民受暴婦女在台灣的交織困境

Abstract

本研究以交織性理論，檢視東南亞籍新住民受暴婦女在性別、國族與階級交織下的移民處境、暴力因應策略，以及探索新住民受暴婦女面臨的困境阻礙。透過深度訪談五位東南亞籍新住民受暴婦女，分別位於北部、南部與東部，原國籍別涵蓋越南、印尼與菲律賓。本研究結果發現：新住民受暴婦女周旋於女性多重角色，同時面臨移民危殆身份與跨國遷移後的階級翻轉矛盾。但隨著遷移時間推進與公民權取得，國族身份弱勢處境影響力相較性別與階級減弱，階級身份成為能否於受暴後穩定生活的關鍵。其次，新住民受暴婦女展開「靠自己」的暴力因應策略，包含逃跑、維持平衡與計劃離開。最後，新住民受暴婦女面臨族群性的社群阻礙。新住民受暴婦女實具有社會支持網絡，但此族裔社群使新住民受暴婦女擔心族群內部污名而不敢現身。本研究以移民女性的主體經驗出發，發現族裔社群網絡是影響新住民受暴婦女困難現身求助的關鍵，惟透過偶然機會進入家庭暴力防治體系中的新住民受暴婦女，反透過國家服務體系中的社工專業服務充權賦能。以此研究結果建議助人工作者需以反壓迫工作取逕理解服務對象族群特性，與服務對象培養信任關係後，陪伴受暴新住民婦女走出暴力困境。

This study investigates the complex challenges faced by Southeast Asian marriage migrants who have experienced intimate partner violence in Taiwan. Drawing on intersectionality theory, the research explores how gender, ethnicity, and class intersect to shape the migrants' post-migration situations, the coping strategies they employ, and the obstacles they encounter. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in different regions of Taiwan, involving five participants from Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The study yields three main findings. Firstly, marriage migrants navigate multiple female roles while confronting precarious social status and conflicting social mobility after migration. Over time, and with the acquisition of official citizenship, the influence of ethnic identity diminishes relative to gender and class factors. Class becomes critical in determining their ability to lead stable lives after experiencing violence. Secondly, marriage migrants employ various self-reliance strategies to cope with violence, such as fleeing, seeking balance, and making plans to leave. Lastly, the social networks of marriage migrants, while providing support, also exert pressure, thereby hindering them from disclosing their status as victims of violence. Marriage migrants occasionally connect with national institutions, where they receive professional support from social workers to address their violent relationships. To apply the research findings in practical settings, this study recommends that social workers adopt an anti-oppression approach, incorporating cultural and ethnic sensitivity, to establish supportive relationships with marriage migrants and assist them in overcoming the obstacles posed by violence.