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標題: | 書目計量方法探討科學遷移:以臺中日韓商管領域學者為例 A bibliometric approach to analyzing scientific migration: A case study of scholars in the field of business and management in China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan |
作者: | 張映涵 Ying-Han Chang |
指導教授: | 黃慕萱 Mu-Hsuan Huang |
關鍵字: | 科學移動,學術遷移,遷移學者,人才得失,書目計量法,商管領域, scientific mobility,academic migration,migrant scholars,brain gain & brain drain,bibliometrics,business & management, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 科學遷移影響國家整體科研發展,長久以來備受重視。本研究以遷移至臺灣、中國、日本、南韓之929位商管領域學者為研究對象,探討學者的科學遷移特性(包含發表文章特性、合著特性與機構類型變化)、科學遷移結果(包含遷移次數與遷移距離)及科學遷移影響因素(包含學術聲望與經濟資源)等三面向情形,並對臺中日韓在國與國之間人才流動情形做整體的檢視,評估各國的人才得失。本研究自Web of Science資料庫蒐集遷移學者至2019年為止所有的書目紀錄,再以自動化方式將Scopus作者 ID對應至Web of Science書目資料,進行跨資料庫的作者姓名識別。最後,用哈密頓路徑演算法來計算學者的遷移次數,建構出學者的遷移軌跡。
研究結果發現,在科學遷移特性上,四國商管領域學者的相對論文發表比值平均為2.01。臺灣學者發表文章的平均被引次數最多,可知臺灣作者發表論文有一定的水準。發表文章領域主要集中在「商業與經濟」領域,符合樣本領域背景。國際合作情形可看出,臺灣、日本及南韓以美國為首要合作對象,中國則與香港合作較為緊密。機構類型變化的分析結果則顯示四國學者都以大學之間的遷移為主,大學與產業、大學與政府之間的跨機構遷移比例少。 在科學遷移結果面向上,研究結果顯示科學遷移趨勢以學術年齡3至13歲時期為高峰,超過學術年齡14歲之後遷移率便往下降。遷移次數部分,研究分析三種科學屬性,以資深學者、國際遷移者及臺灣的遷移機率最高。而遷移距離的分析結果發現,資深、中堅、年輕學者的「初次遷移距離」無顯著差異,說明學者在職涯初期的遷移距離沒有世代差異。另外,研究更發現四國的國內遷移者以同區遷移為主,跨區遷移比例較低,顯示學者傾向遷移至鄰近地區。 科學遷移影響因素的分析結果顯示,國際遷移者多為學術聲望及經濟資源皆向下的遷移軌跡,國內遷移者亦多半往學術聲望較低的機構遷移,但卻有較高比例會遷移至經濟發展較好的地區或城市。而分析學者的初次遷移的軌跡則發現,向下遷移的比例隨著學術年齡越輕越高,代表多數年輕學者遷移後的學校比母機構的學術聲望要低。綜合學術聲望與經濟資源的象限圖分析結果顯示,本研究樣本學者的遷移主要分布於第三象限與第一象限,也就是若遷移到學術聲望較好的學校則該地區的經濟條件亦較佳,反之亦然。 觀察臺中日韓四國的人才流動情形發現,遷移至中國的學者比例從1979年至2009年區間的9%提升至2010年至2019年區間的41%,顯示中國在2010年至2019年區間為人才獲得大國。另一方面,臺灣遷入的學者從1979年至2009年區間的28%,下降至2010年至2019年區間的12%。由於日本及南韓在兩段時期的學者遷入比例並無太大變化,推論中國在2010年至2019年期間吸納了許多臺灣與世界其他各國的人才。 本研究結果證實書目計量方法可以有效分析科學遷移與人才流動。由於科學遷移與分析資料集、國際情勢及各國教育制度有關,建議進行多國家科學遷移研究時可採用多種引文資料庫之書目資料,建構細密的科學遷移軌跡,並同步蒐集各國教育制度規範與各項國際事件等質性資料,分析與詮釋學者的科學遷移與研究表現將會更加精確。 Scientific migration has long been highly valued since it is related to a country’s general development of scientific research. This study focuses on 929 migrant scholars in the field of business/management who have migrated to China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan (CJKT). It explores three aspects of scientific migration: the publication characteristics and movement of migrant scholars (including research performance, research collaboration, and changes in institution types), the scientific migration outcomes of migrant scholars (including the number of moves and migration distance), and the factors affecting scientific migration (including academic reputation and economic resources). Furthermore, this study observed the overall flow of migrant scholars between other countries and CJKT, assessing the brain gain and brain drain of the four countries. The bibliographic data of 929 migrant scholars were collected from the Web of Science; Scopus author IDs were used to disambiguate the cross-database data. The Hamiltonian path algorithm was used to process the bibliographic data, construct the migration trajectories of individual authors across publications, and identify their locations. The result of research performance reveal that, the average relative publication rate of migrant scholars is 2.01. Scholars in Taiwan have the highest citations per paper among the four countries. The published papers are mainly concentrated in the field of business & economics, which is in line with the background of the sample. In terms of research collaboration, the results show that the U.S. is the main collaborative partner for migrant scholars from Japan, South Korea and Taiwan; China, by contrast, has primarily formed partnerships with Hong Kong. Regarding the changes of institution types, more than 90% of the institutional changes for migrant scholars are university-to-university migration, and the number of moves to non-universities are rare, accounting for less than 5% of all institutional changes. For the analysis of scientific migration outcomes, the results reveal that, the main migration period for migrant scholars are between the academic age of 3 and 13 years, after which the migration rates decrease. In terms of the number of moves, three variables (academic age, migrant type, and country) have significant effects on migration moves, with senior scholars, international migrants and Taiwanese scholars having the highest migration rates. The migration distance of migrant scholars is similar across academic age groups regarding their “first-move distance”, indicating that the various generations of migrant scholars share similar career trajectories during the early stage of their careers. Furthermore, the research results also reveal that cross-regional migration rates are low, indicating that domestic migrants are less likely to undertake long-distance migrations. For the factors affecting scientific migration, the overall results show that international migrants primarily migrate to institutions with lower academic reputation and economic resource scores. Domestic migrants also tend to migrate to institutions with lower academic reputation scores, however, a higher proportion of them migrate to regions or cities with better economic development. This study further analyzes the first migration of scholars, and the results show that the proportion of downward migration increases with younger academic age, indicating that most junior scholars migrate to institutions with lower academic reputation scores than their original institutions. The quadrant analysis results show that the migration trajectory of migrant scholars in this study are primarily found in the third quadrant (downward migration of academic reputation and economic resources) and the first quadrant (upward migration of academic reputation and economic resources), that is, if scholars migrate to institutions with better academic reputation, the economic conditions in that region are also generally better, and vice versa. Observing the flow of international migrants in China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, it is found that the proportion of scholars who migrate to China increased from 9% during 1979–2009 to 41% in 2010–2019, indicating that China is a “brain gain” country during 2010–2019. On the other hand, scholars who migrate to Taiwan decreased from 28% during 1979–2009 to 12% in 2010–2019. Since there was no significant change in the proportion of migrant scholars in Japan and South Korea over the two periods, it can be inferred that China has attracted many scholars from Taiwan and other countries around the world during the 2010–2019 period. The results of this study confirm that bibliometric methods can effectively analyze scientific migration and talent flow. Since scientific migration is related to the analyzed datasets, international events and national education systems, it is recommended to capture bibliographic data from multiple citation index databases when conducting scientific migration studies across multiple countries, which can then be used to construct detailed migration trajectories of migrant scholars. In addition, collecting qualitative data such as major international events and the educational system in different countries will enable a more accurate analysis and interpretation of the scientific migration and research performance of scholars. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/87943 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202301167 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(限校園內公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 圖書資訊學系 |
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