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Title: | 一個浮現中的另類準同盟?~ 美國-以色列-沙烏地阿拉伯三邊戰略關係之研究(2009-2020) An Emerging Alternative Quasi-Alliance?—The Tripartite Strategic Relations Among the United States, Israel and Saudi Arabia 2009-2020 |
Authors: | 陳俊霖 Chun-lin Chen |
Advisor: | 徐斯勤 Szue-chin Philip Hsu |
Keyword: | 以阿(沙)關係,阿拉伯之春,伊朗「核協議」,三邊戰略關係, Arab Spring,JCPOA,Israel,Saudi Arabia,Iran,Palestine,U.S.-Japan and Korea Trilateral Quasi-Alliance relations,U.S.-Israel-Saudi Arabia Trilateral Quasi-Alliance, |
Publication Year : | 2023 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 2012年,歐巴馬總統提出「重返亞洲」(Pivot to Asia),將戰略重心從中東移出,並將美軍自伊拉克、敘利亞、利比亞撤出,另宣布於2016年底從阿富汗撤軍。2010年12月「阿拉伯之春」爆發,並自北非蔓延入中東,歐巴馬未積極介入,放任盟國埃及被推翻,在以巴問題逼迫以色列上談判桌,2015年7月與伊朗簽署「核協議」,引發以色列、沙烏地阿拉伯等盟邦的不安,以沙打破窠臼尋求合作共同對抗伊朗。2017年川普延續提出「印太戰略」(Indo-Pacific Strategy),但推翻歐氏中東政策,在以巴問題上一面倒向以色列、退出伊朗「核協議」,改施以高壓經濟制裁,意圖迫使伊朗接受新協議,並在「哈紹吉事件」中偏袒沙國,主導以阿簽訂「亞伯拉罕協定」,成功推動以色列與一系列阿拉伯國家建交。在此背景下,本論文將探討歐川時期美國的中東政策變遷、伊朗因素的變遷、以沙對美國中東政策變遷反應、以沙關係未來走向、美以沙是否會形成三邊戰略關係,學者車維德(Victor Cha)筆下美日韓三角關係理論能否套用解釋正在形成中的美以沙三邊戰略關係?研究發現,美國的中東政策本於國家利益,以「維持區域穩定」為主,但這利益卻是矛盾而相互依存;伊朗自1979年宗教革命後,對外輸出革命,擴大什葉派勢力範圍,結合美國扶植的核武技術,成為現今中東主要威脅;以沙對歐巴馬簽署伊朗「核協議」與川普事後退出態度一致,但兩國是否走向同盟/準同盟,抑或是建交?須視以沙兩國國內因素和美國是否強力主導而定;此外,本論文研究發現,美以沙已朝「三邊戰略關係」趨勢發展,但仍在演變且存在不確定性,兩組聯盟關係的起點相同,但角色不同,日韓的共同敵人隨時間演進改變,但以沙的共同敵人始終是伊朗,以沙對美順從度不同於日韓,當美國對以沙及日韓兩組盟國的安全承諾有變化時,以沙的反應和日韓不同,故車維德理論並無法完全套用到美以沙三邊戰略關係。
關鍵詞:以阿(沙)關係、阿拉伯之春、伊朗「核協議」、三邊戰略關係 In 2012, U.S. President Barack Obama announced the “Pivot to Asia” to shift out Middle East. He withdrew the U.S. combat troops from Iraq, Syria and Libya then declared to retreat from Afghanistan. He compelled Israel to negotiate with Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to enforce “two-state solution”, inactive and let his allies alone when “Arab Spring” broke out, signed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) with Iran made unprecedented possible alliance between Israel and Saudi Arabia. In 2017, President Donald Trump declared the “Indo-Pacific Strategy” as the continuation of “Pivot to Asia”. But he overthrew Obama’s policy by leaning on Israel on “Israel-Palestine Issue”, withdrew from JCPOA replaced with enforcing further economic sanctions toward Iran, protected Saudi Arabia regime from condemning on the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi, advocated the “Abraham Accords” for Israel to set diplomatic ties with Arabian Countries. Under this background, this thesis will explore the tendency between Israel and Saudi Arabia, will they go toward quasi-alliance/ alliance or establish diplomatic relations? Will the U.S., Israel and Saudi Arabia form tripartite strategic relations?What are the similarities and differences between the relations with the U.S., Japan and Korea trilateral quasi-alliance relations under Victor Cha’s (1999) theory? The dissertation finds out that Iran has been the common threat between Israel and Saudi Arabia, but their compliances to U.S. are different from Japan and Korea, the explanation power of Cha’s theory to the U.S., Japan and Korea trilateral quasi-alliance relations may be less. Keywords: Arab Spring, JCPOA, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Palestine, U.S.-Japan and Korea Trilateral Quasi-Alliance relations, U.S.-Israel-Saudi Arabia Trilateral Quasi-Alliance |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/87779 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202301056 |
Fulltext Rights: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
Appears in Collections: | 政治學系 |
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