選區劃分對政黨及候選人之影響：以2022年新北市議員選舉第2、3選舉區為例

Abstract

本文欲探討SNTV選制下，選區劃分產生之政治效應，並提出相關政策建議，供未來研究或選區劃分實務參考。 2022年新北市議員選舉第2選舉區五股、泰山、林口區及第3選舉區新莊區，是由2018年第2選舉區新莊、五股、泰山、林口區劃分而來。選舉區重新劃分，受到最大影響的就是政黨及候選人，究竟政黨會依據何種方式決定劃分後選舉區提名人數，而候選人將如何選擇參選之選舉區且因此受益或受害是本研究最主要之問題。 本研究透過深度訪談法並搭配選舉結果進行分析，研究結果發現，政黨方面，將以最近一次相同類型選舉各行政區之得票數做為政黨提名人數之依據，並在其他考量因素下，決定最適提名人數；此外，選區劃分後對大黨是更有利的。在候選人方面，將依據最近一次相同類型選舉自身政治地盤選擇本次參選選舉區，並歸納出新人參選之依據，同時也驗證了選區劃分後對現任者較為有利。

This paper intends to explore the political effects of electoral districts division under the SNTV electoral system, and propose relevant policy recommendations for future research or practical reference for electoral districts division. The 2nd electoral district Wugu, Taishan, Linkou Districts and the 3rd electoral district Xinzhuang District for New Taipei City councilor election in 2022 are divided from the 2nd electoral district Xinzhuang, Wugu, Taishan and Linkou Districts in 2018. The political parties and candidates will be most affected by re-division. How will political parties determine the number of nominees in electoral districts after division, and how candidates will choose electoral districts to run for and benefit or suffer from this is the most important part of this study question. This study uses the in-depth interview method and analyzes the results of the election. The results of the study find that the political parties will use the number of votes obtained in each administrative region in the last same type of election as the basis for the number of party nominees, and under other considerations, determine the most suitable nomination number ; in addition, the division of electoral districts is more beneficial to large parties. In terms of candidates, they will select the electoral districts for this election based on their own political territory in the last election of the same type, and summarize the basis for newcomers to participate in the election. At the same time, it has also been verified that the division of electoral districts is more beneficial to the incumbent.