臺灣未成年子女監督會面交往社工專業知能養成探究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討監督會面服務社工的專業養成，研究目的包含瞭解探討會面社工專業訓練之現況；探討會面服務社工認為重要的專業知能、專業知能養成經驗，以及其對專業知能訓練的需求，並提出實務面及政策面之建議。 本研究採質性研究取向，以主題分析法分析，針對會面服務年資在一年以上的社工為研究參與者進行一對一半結構式訪談，總共訪談6位社工。 本研究歸納會面社工角色功能有協調者、促進者、教育者、安全維護者、資源連結者、情緒支持者，並由知識、技巧、價值三方面探討會面社工專業知能，知識部分包含：社工理論基礎、心理動力、兒童權利公約相關法律、兒少發展知識及親職相關知識等；技巧的部分有會談技巧（含與孩子會談技巧、談判技巧、聯合會談技巧）、溝通技巧、衝突處理技巧及具敏感度的評估技巧等；價值部分包含以孩子的利益為重、每個人都有過更好生活的權利、防止負面代間傳遞、合作親職，以及會面社工本身在服務個案的過程中被修復的價值。 專業養成過程方面，本研究發現「做中學、學中做」為會面社工專業養成的核心。服務過程中遭遇的瓶頸有陷入權力拉扯的為難、邊同理邊拉界線的困難、面對家長不配合的情形、會面成果並不如期待，以及頻繁地被投訴等。渡過瓶頸的方式主要為個督、團督及參與自我照顧課程等。 而研究參與者認為會面社工養成所需的學校教育有以下：增加會面服務相關課程、課堂增加實務操作和討論、紮實且多元的會談技巧訓練及自我覺察和自我照顧課程。另機構教育可依據不同資歷的社工給予相對應的訓練內容。 另外，在研究中也發現目前整體會面的困境包含：因工作困難度高及業務量多，使社工流動率高、招聘困難，導致人力資源缺乏；因網絡單位資訊不流通或專業人員不願合作導致的服務不連續性，以及有時方案交接時若時間過於匆促，無法完整交接，可能造成服務不連續的問題。 最後，根據上述研究結果，本研究分別提出實務、政策與學術研究面的相關建議。實務面上，應增加學校與實務機構連結、學校開設自我覺察相關課程、機構按個別差異設計適宜訓練內容、機構更多關注社工自我照顧議題、建置會面評估指標工具；政策面上，建議政府更新會面訓練手冊、創造會面機構經驗交流機會，以及提高會面社工留任誘因；學術研究面上，建議可針對會面服務評估處遇模式進行探討。

This study explores the professional development of supervised visitation service social workers, aiming to understand their current professional training, competencies, experiences, and demand for further training. This study adopts qualitative research and uses a thematic analysis method. A total of 6 supervised visitation service social workers with more than one year of working experience were interviewed. The study identified the role functions of visitation social workers, which include coordinators, facilitators, educators, safety maintainers, resource connectors, and emotional supporters. The study identified three aspects of professional competencies: knowledge, skills, and values. The knowledge component includes social work theory, psychodynamics, relevant laws pertaining to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, child development, and parenting knowledge. The skill component includes communication skills, negotiation skills, conflict resolution skills, and sensitive assessment skills. The value component includes prioritizing the interests of the child, the right of every individual to a better life, prevention of negative intergenerational transmission, cooperative parenting, and the value of self-healing in the service process. The study found that "learning by doing" is at the core of the professional development of visitation social workers. However, the service process also presents several challenges, such as power struggles, difficulty of setting boundaries, dealing with uncooperative parents, visitation results not meeting expectations, and frequent complaints. The study suggests that individual supervision, group supervision, and self-care courses are essential ways to overcome these challenges. Participants of this study suggest increasing relevant courses on visitation services, adding practical operation and discussions in the classroom, solid and diverse conversation skills training, and self-awareness and self-care courses. The organization can also provide training content according to the different qualifications of social workers. Finally, based on the research results, this study provides suggestions for practice, policy, and academic research aspects. On the practical level, the study suggests increasing the connection between schools and practical organizations, offering self-awareness courses in schools, and providing employee assistance programs in practical organizations. On the policy level, the study suggests updating the supervised visitation training manual, establishing a standard operation procedure for visitation services and providing adequate resources and staffing. On the academic research level, the study suggests conducting follow-up studies on the effectiveness of professional training and interventions for visitation services.