癌症死亡率的空間分析：不同癌症的可解釋性與環境解釋因子比較

Abstract

本研究欲探討臺灣前十大癌症中，可解釋性的高低以及環境解釋因子的異同，尤其是聚焦在受經社背景的影響程度。 本研究利用空間分析方法，以臺灣本島鄉鎮市區作為研究單位，蒐集各區域的臺灣前十大癌症標準化死亡率和盡可能地透過地毯式盤查所有政府公開資料，經過視覺化呈現、空間探索分析以及空間迴歸分析，試圖考量到所有環境解釋因子，進行癌症可解釋性以及受經社背景影響程度分析。 研究發現，當居住在經社背景較弱的區域時，需要注意氣管、支氣管和肺癌、口腔癌、肝和肝內膽管癌及食道癌，因為有較高的機率因上述所提到的癌症而死亡；居住在汙染較嚴重的區域時，會有較高的機率會罹患前列腺（攝護腺）癌、結腸、直腸和肛門癌及肝和肝內膽管癌。 另外，可解釋力高的癌症有口腔癌、胃癌、食道癌、肝和肝內膽管癌；可解釋力中的癌症有結腸、直腸和肛門癌、前列腺（攝護腺）癌、氣管、支氣管和肺癌；可解釋力低的癌症有卵巢癌、胰臟癌和女性乳癌。因此，在平常時需要更注意卵巢癌、胰臟癌和女性乳癌，因為其可解釋性低，強調「及早發現、及早治療」。

This research aims to explore the interpretability and differences of environmental factors of the top ten cancers of Taiwan, primarily focusing on the effect of socio-economic background. Using spatial analysis, the top ten cancers’ mortality in various townships and districts in Taiwan were collected and analyzed. The data were collected from all governmental open data at the best of the researcher’s ability. Through visualization, exploratory spatial analysis and spatial regression analysis with consideration of all environmental factors, the influence of socio-economic background towards cancer interpretability can be analyzed. Results show that residents from weak socio-economic background areas will have a higher chance of death in tracheal cancer, bronchus cancer, lung cancer, oral cancer, liver cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and esophageal cancer. In highly polluted areas, residents will have a higher chance of developing prostate cancer, colon cancer, rectum cancer, anal cancer, liver cancer and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. High interpretability cancers include oral cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, liver and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; medium interpretability cancers include colon cancer, rectal cancer, anal cancer, prostate cancer, tracheal cancer, bronchus cancer and lung cancer; low interpretability cancers include ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer and female breast cancer. As such, attention should be focused on contacting low interpretability cancers, while emphasizing early diagnosis and treatment.