公共參與經驗對投票之影響：以經濟學實驗進行探討

Abstract

隨著更多文獻顯示人們的公共參與經驗可以提升投票行為，本篇研究著重於探討公共參與經驗影響投票率的管道，為此我們設計了一個二階段實驗室實驗，來檢驗公共參與中的哪個因素是影響投票的主因。首先在第一階段，受試者會經歷不同設定的公共財遊戲，其中包含較低的門檻、允許遊戲前的溝通以及加入意見領袖等不同的組別，接著在第二階段，會讓受試者參與相同的投票遊戲，以此便能比較第一階段的不同經驗對第二階段的影響。實驗結果顯示低門檻、溝通和意見領袖等三組，都能有效提升第一階段公共財遊戲成功的機率，但低門檻的成功經驗卻無法提升第二階段的投票率，而僅有溝通和意見領袖能有效提升第二階段的投票率，這顯示單純的第一階段成功經驗無法提升投票率，而第一階段中的溝通以及意見領袖，才是促使受試者在第二階段更願意投票的主要因素。

More evidence shows the causal relationship between public participation and voting turnout in the following election. Following these findings, we aim to answer how people’s experience of public participation changes their voting behavior. This paper develops a two-stage lab experiment to test which factors in public participation play the main role in affecting people’s voting behavior. In the first stage, subjects have to undergo threshold public good games in three different settings in addition to our baseline. These three treatments include low threshold, communication and opinion leader. Then, every subject has to participate a one-shot voting game in the second stage. Such results can capture people’s voting behavior with various participation experiences. Our results indicate that low threshold facilitates subjects’ experience of success in the first stage compared to the baseline. However, such successful experience has no impact on promoting voting rate. Communication and opinion leader not only create more successful experience for subjects but also promote probability of voting by 13% and 17% respectively. It suggests that communication and opinion leader is pivotal for driving people to vote.