關於日文接續詞「ただ」和「ただし」之一考察

Abstract

本論文旨在探討日文接續詞中型態與意思皆相近的「ただ」和「ただ」兩詞語。同樣探討此兩接續詞的先行研究已有許多，但筆者認為尚未有能明確指出兩者不同之處，並更甚於建立有益於學習者能理解的說明。本論文以日文語料庫BCCWJ進行調查分析，並以此為基礎進一步分析取得語料的文末存在的文法性質的構文特徵。此外，也對日文母語者進行問券調查，用以明確此兩接續詞之間存在的互換關係。主要結論為以下四點。 第一，至今為止的辭典解釋及先行研究中所述關於「ただ」及「ただし」的用法，可歸結於為（A）〈條件或例外的補足用法〉、（B）〈部分的刪除或是修正用法〉、（C）〈委婉的反駁用法〉三種。其中，（A）用法屬於「ただ」及「ただし」的共通用法，（B）用法屬於「ただし」獨自的用法，（C）用法則屬於「ただ」獨自的用法。 第二，「ただ」及「ただし」的句子文末存在結構性的特徵，「ただ」比「ただし」更容易在句尾出現モダリティ―用法，其中「ただし」的句尾容易出現表達必要性的「なければならない」等用法、「ただ」的句尾則有獨自常出現的「と思われる」用法存在。這個結果可和上述第一點互相應證，「ただ」的語氣較和緩，而「ただし」則常用於傳達規則，需設定限制並消除例外或修正。 第三，在經過對十四位日文母語者的問券調查後，可以發現基本上（A）用法的「ただ」和「ただし」之間的互換性並無太大差別，但若是以各種用法分開來看，條件補足的用法比例外補足的用法更容易互換。 最後，本論文站在日本語教育的立場，以以上所提及的考察結果重新思考了對日文學習者來說更方便學習的「ただ」及「ただし」的解釋方法。簡單來說，即是先明示兩者的獨特用法，再教導兩者的共通用法。

This research is about japanese conjunction “tada” and “tadasi”, which are often considered similar words. Although many previous researchs has discussed how these two words are different, there are not a really easy accessing explanation for japanese learner to quikly understand. Therefore, this research uses “BCCWJ” corpus to collect santences contains “tada” or “tadasi”, and classify them based on what they work as a conjunction. Furthermore, analyze the end of these santences to discover if there is a specific feature. In addition, this research also surveyed japnese native speaker to clarify the interchangeability between “tada” and “tadasi”. Explanations from dictionaries and researchs of “tada” and “tadasi” can be integrate as （A）〈adding condition or exception〉, （B）〈partially remove or correct〉, （C）〈euphemistically refute〉. Among this three, （A） is common usage, （B） is unique to “tadasi”and （C） is unique to “tada”. There is a structural feature at the end of santences of “tada” and “tadasi”. Modality expression is more likely appear with “tada” than “tadasi”. This consist with the fact that “tada” is more often used as a mild word, and “tadasi” is more used to establish rules. Survey shows that “tada” and “tadasi” is about the same in terms of exchangeability when they are used as （A）. But in terms of condition or exception, it is more exchangeable when they are used to adding condition than exception. In perspective of Japanese education, the results above can lead to a more easily way for learners to study “tada” and ”tadasi”, which is to show the common usage of two conjunctions, than show the unique usage of each one.