她的偏見不是他的偏見：比較女性與男性雜誌的性別偏見

Abstract

因為能夠反應社會上的價值觀，再加上其性別化的訊息，還有新聞性的本質，流行雜誌時常是性別研究的研究對象。先前的研究表明，詞嵌入模型能夠揭示媒體中性別之間的微妙偏見。本研究以針對特定性別的時尚雜誌為研究對象，不僅呈現出不同文本中各自的性別差異，更透過比較雜誌之間的偏見，對性別研究做出貢獻。 蒐集女性雜誌和男性雜誌超過 10 年的雜誌文章後，本研究先以主題模型查看時尚雜誌中的主題分佈，還有時間變化與性別差異。並分別構建了詞嵌入模型，接著比較了它們在性別偏見方面的差異。除了用於檢查性別偏見的詞彙表，如職業和形容詞，還考慮了出現在女權主義辯論中的其他話題，如身體部位、浪漫愛情、性愛、快樂等。 研究結果發現，個別雜誌中出現了性別偏見，這並不是令人意外之事。然而，進一步發現，在針對性別的雜誌之間，表現出的性別偏見有著不同方向，例如外表有關的形容詞，以及身體部位，在女性和男性之間，表現出明顯差異。

As a subject of a gender study, popular magazines are distinctively scrutinized due to their journalistic essences reflecting the social value and often sexualized messages. Previous research shows that word embedding models can reveal subtle bias between gender in media. This research contributes to gender studies by not only presenting gender differences within texts but also comparing differences of bias between gender-targeted magazines. With 10-year-long magazine articles from a woman’s magazine and a man’s magazine, I construct word embeddings models respectively and compare their divergence of gender bias. In addition to word lists used to inspect gender bias, such as vocations and adjectives, other topics appearing in the feminism debate have been considered, such as body parts, romantic love, sexiness, and so on. I found gender bias appears in the individual magazines, which is not a surprise. However, it is also found that gender biases between magazines are different. Appearance-related adjectives and body parts show remarkably different directions between males and females.