逆向傳播相位檢索演算法應用於屏下鏡頭繞射抑制元件製作

Abstract

在透明顯示領域中，顯示器上的異質結構會在成像系統中引起繞射，並破壞背向影像。本研究為解決發生在AR/VR、車用顯示系統與手機屏下鏡頭等等各種透明顯示領域中背向影像被破壞的現象。在不改變透明面板設計的前提下設計出繞射元件並與透明面板貼合來抑制破壞影像的繞射成份。為解決研究主題附帶的近場繞射計算瓶頸，本文使用動態規劃、資料結構約束與各項合乎物理約束的計算範圍限縮，設計一種新穎且高效率的相位檢索演算法，來解決超高維相位函數之優化問題。由演算法產出的相位分佈來修復點擴散函數、降低繞射對成像過程的破壞。 使用演算法得到用於抑制影像破壞的相位分佈後，本文因應繞射元件使用蝕刻製程的製造需求，設計出能快速抽換底層圖論結構、將龐大的二值化光罩矩陣快速轉換為佈局曲線資料的自動化佈局演算法，並實際進行繞射抑制元件的製作。 希望本論文的研究、可以在透明顯示器領域、繞射元件設計領域、計算光學領域做出些許貢獻，並且推進極近場光學繞射的研究、為不同元件間的異質整合設計提供一種可能性。

關鍵詞 : 相位檢索演算法、自動化佈局、繞射元件、屏下鏡頭、透明顯示、近場繞射。

In the field of transparent display, the heterostructures on display will cause diffraction in the imaging system, disrupting the see-through image. This research aims to solve the phenomenon of see-through image destruction in Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, automotive display systems, and under-display cameras of mobile phones. While keeping the original design of transparent panels, this research has designed and produced a diffractive optical element to laminate the panel to suppress the image-damaging components of diffraction. To overcome the computational bottlenecks of near-field diffraction associated with the research topic, this study proposes a novel and efficient phase retrieval algorithm which is realized by dynamic programming and the constraint on both data structure and calculation range. The phase retrieval algorithm is designed to solve the optimization problem of ultra-high-dimensional phase functions. By repairing the point spread function using the algorithm, damage caused by diffraction to the imaging process can therefore be reduced. After using the algorithm to obtain the phase distribution for suppressing image damage, this paper then takes into account the manufacturing needs of diffractive optical elements and proposes an etching process that uses an auto-layout algorithm to quickly replace the underlying graph theory of data structure and convert large logical matrix of photomask into curve data of layout. The author hopes that this research can contribute to the field of transparent display, the design of diffractive optical elements, and the field of optical computing, as well as advance the study of near-field optical diffraction and provide a possibility for the design of Heterogeneous Integration between different components.