以數據觀點探索臺灣 PTT 母嬰板的參與式父職論述

Abstract

近幾十年來，「參與式父職」的觀念重塑了父親的形象。然而，參與式父職在實行上卻相當模糊，雙親各自被期待負擔的義務也仍稱不上性別平等。因此，本論文的研究目標，是以性別的觀點了解當代的臺灣父母如何理解以及描述父職的實行。 本研究旨在探索父職在PTT的Babymother版上的家長們用語言所建構出的父職樣貌。其中，父親、丈夫以及「隊友」的角色各自的語言建構是分析以及比較的重點。透過量化的方式，包含標題的相對頻率、詞彙頻率以及詞彙關聯，本研究將找出哪些主題、字詞以及概念與這些角色有較高關聯性。這些結果會再經過質化的分析解釋。最後，父親在本版的論述也將有質化的探索以及分析。本研究的分析會建立在王大維所提出的父職參與的定義架構。 研究發現，父親傳統的經濟功能對所有的父職角色仍然重要。父親的角色與關係面向以及育兒的行為有較大關聯，丈夫的角色則與支持母親的行為有較大的關係。「隊友」一詞幾乎等同於「丈夫」的使用以及意義，則更直接的反映了版上對於父親應該支持母親的期待。 本版的言談中透露，版上的父母親對於父職參與此一概念的接受度以及期待普遍很高。父親已經不能缺席對孩子的照顧以及情感上的聯繫。然而，他被期待的功能主要是能夠支持母親的「隊友」，而母親仍然是家中主要負責任的一方。

The concept of “involved fatherhood” has reshaped the father image in recent decades. However, the concept has been ambiguous in real practice and the perceived duties of either parent are far from gender equal. Therefore, this paper intends to look into the practice of fatherhood described by Taiwanese parents through a gendered perspective. The language construct of fatherhood on the PTT Babymother forum is explored. The father, husband and “隊友” (teammate) roles are analyzed and compared for their respective constructs. Quantitatve methods including: relative subject frequencies, word frequencies and word associations are used to find topics, terms and concepts relevant to each role. The results will be analyzed qualitatively. A content analysis is also conducted on discourses made by fathers. A model proposed by 王大維 which includes internal realizations of parenthood rather than only behaviors is the base for my analyses. The research finds that the traditional function of the father to provide material support is associated with all of the main roles. The relational aspect of involved fatherhood and caring behavior to the child is more associated with the father role. Support of the mother is more associated with the husband role. The expectations of support is manifest in the accepted use of “隊友” (teammate) to be used almost synonymously with “husband”. The Babymother board shows that the idea of involved fatherhood is widely accepted and expected among these Taiwanese parents. Fathers can no longer be absent in physical caring and emotional connection. However, he is mainly seen as a “teammate” to support the mother, who still has to take charge of matters inside the home.