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標題: | 網路新興科技與著作權法之調和-以日本權利限制法制趨勢為中心 The Balance between Emerging Internet Technology and Copyright Law -Focusing on the Trend of Japanese Limitations on Copyright |
作者: | YASUTO SHIRAE 白江 泰人 |
指導教授: | 黃銘傑(Ming-Jye Huang) 黃銘傑(Ming-Jye Huang | jrhuang@ntu.edu.tw | ), |
關鍵字: | 著作權法,著作財產權限制,合理使用,新興科技,日本,台灣, Copyright Law,Limitation on Copyright,Fair Use,Emerging Technologies,Japan,Taiwan, |
出版年 : | 2022 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 由於日本為大陸法系,對著作權的限制一直是採取個別之「權利限制規定」。近年來由於網路新興科技的發展,使得傳統著作利用行為因而發生轉變,為了因應著作利用環境所發生的種種爭議,以保護著作人之利益並維持公眾可合法接觸著作之權利,日本之權利限制規定必須一直隨著科技發展修正。 日本的權利限制規定之特色為具有明確性,但無法及時對應網路新興科技於著作權法上的爭議,因此國內一直討論是否要導入美國合理使用的概念。修法時參考法律經濟學上的「規定與標準」概念,分析日本社會情況與司法資源等相關因素,最後決定不使用合理使用概念,而是以兼具明確性之「彈性的權利限制規定」對應因未來著作利用環境的改變所產生的法律問題。彈性的權利限制規定是依照利用行為對著作權人不利益程度為區分,藉由調整權利限制範圍,平衡產業發展、公眾接觸著作權利以及著作人之利益。 於此概念下近年日本對保護網路內容之修正是即屬限縮權利限制規定,逐步朝強化權利人之方向。對網路內容直接侵害著作權人課以刑事處罰,故僅以行為人主觀具故意、客觀行為具有反覆繼續性才適用刑事處罰,藉此解決國民對刑事處罰的疑慮;間接侵害網路內容者,明文將提供公眾鏈結網路非法內容之軟硬體技術協助者,視為侵害著作權,須負民、刑事責任。 台灣對著作財產權之限制因有合理使用之原則,故不須如同日本頻頻修法,但因為合理使用的不確定性,行為人事前無法預測其法律風險,事後法院審理時對合理使用的四個判斷基準態度也不完全統一。原本台灣之法體系亦屬於大陸法系,合理使用的解釋仍應具備一定的明確性以供民眾與法院遵循,否則因概括性的條款將造成民眾守法意願降低以及司法負擔過重。 Since Japan is a civil law system, the restrictions on copyright have always been individual ' limitations on copyright '. In recent years, the development of emerging technologies on the Internet has changed the traditional acts of exploitation of work. In order to protect the rights and interests of authors and maintain the right of the public could legally access work, the limitations on copyright in Japan must have been amended in response to the various disputes about the environment of exploitation of work. The Japanese provisions of limitations on copyright are characterized by their clarity, but they are unable to timely respond to the controversies of emerging technologies on the Internet in Copyright Law. After analyzing the concept of 'rule and standard' in law and economics and the relevant factors such as the social situation and judicial resources in Japan, Japanese government decided not to use the concept of fair use, but to adopt a 'flexible limitations on copyright' that is clear and responsive to the legal issues about the changes of copyright use. The provisions of flexible limitations on copyright are distinguished three degrees from the acts of exploitation that prejudiced the interests of the economic rights holder. By adjusting the scope of the limitations on copyright, the government can balance the development of industry, the public's right to access work, and the interests of copyright owners. Under this concept, the recent amendments to the protection of Internet content in Japan are to restrict the limitations of copyright and gradually to strengthen the protection of economic rights holder. For those who directly infringe copyright on Internet content, criminal penalties are imposed; however, only if the actor is intentional, and the behavior is repeated and continuous. In addition to those who indirectly infringe online content, such as people who provide the public with software and hardware technical assistance for linking illegal content on the Internet are considered to constitute infringement of copyright and subject to civil and criminal liability. In Taiwan, because of fair use in Copyright Law, the government doesn’t have to amend the law frequently. However, the actors cannot predict the legal risks in advance, and the courts are not entirely uniform in their attitude towards the four bases of fair use in trials. As Taiwan is also a civil law system, the interpretation of fair use should be included a certain degree of clarity for the public and the courts to follow, otherwise the generalized terms will cause the less willing of the public to follow the law and the judiciary overload. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/85981 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202203592 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
電子全文公開日期: | 2022-09-26 |
顯示於系所單位: | 法律學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
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U0001-1909202217211000.pdf | 5.35 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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