原民部落公民發電之路－比亞外與伊達邵為例

Abstract

本文關注現今台灣能源轉型的當下，以原住民族部落為主體的公民電廠發展過程，以桃園比亞外部落及伊達邵部落為案例，分別從地理位置、土地歷史的不同因素，探討部落如何經由自我培力及外部團體的協助，邁向部落自主發電的歷程。 文中試圖回答以下問題：一、原住民族部落如何分別藉由外部團體及當地族人的力量，進行部落的能源轉型？二、部落如何實踐「百分百綠能部落」的願景，及其可能面臨的挑戰與未來機運？ 本報導發現，比亞外部落發展電廠的過程中，遵循泰雅族的傳統自然觀，透過信仰與再生能源進行嫁接，貫徹部落永續自然及生態的理念；伊達邵部落長期面臨高電價困境，因此在族人強烈的能源自主意識下，以減輕經濟負擔，作為發展綠能的首要任務。 部落實踐能源民主，是由外來參與者與部落兩種不同文化主體互動協調的過程，研究發現，由部落、公民團體、企業等多方參與者，共同建構成的部落「綠能公益」模式，其發展關鍵分別為：信任、資金及技術、永續共識。而在達魯瑪克、比亞外及伊達邵部落的發展經歷中發現，三者都面臨行政程序繁瑣、原鄉土地及建物不合法等問題。因此，建議政府應跨部會協調與整合，透過政府與企業及民間團體的串連，突破法規限制。 本文強調，除了關注能源使用的變化外，也應將視野聚焦在不同族群在能源的使用困境上，讓所有人都能在能源轉型中不被遺落，發展出與自然、生態共好的環境。

The in-depth report seeks to examine the development process of citizen power plants with indigenous tribes as the main subject of the current energy transformation of Taiwan. Taking the Piyaway tribe and the Ita thao tribe as cases, this report analyzes how the tribe has moved towards the process of autonomous power generation through self-empowerment and the assistance of external groups from different factors, such as geographical location and the history of the land. This report uses the concept of constructive journalism to analyze the challenges and difficulties encountered in the development of the civic power plants of the tribal, trying to find the viewpoints of the industry, official and university, and hoping to cast new lights on policy. The report aims to answer the following questions: (1) How did indigenous tribes use the power of external groups and local tribes to carry out tribal energy transformation? (2) How did the tribes use the concept of '100% Green Energy Tribe', as well as facing the possible challenges and future opportunities? In terms of tribal cases, the Piyaway tribe follows the Atayal's traditional view of nature, grafting with renewable energy through belief, and implementing the concept of sustainable nature and ecology. The Ita thao tribe has faced the difficulties of high electricity prices for a long time. Therefore, with the strong awareness of energy-autonomy of the tribe, reducing the economic burden is the primary task of developing green energy. The tribes practice of energy-democracy is a process of interaction and coordination between external participants and two different cultural subjects of the tribe. The research finds that there are three key factors for the development of the tribal 'green energy public welfare' model, which is jointly built by the tribes, citizen groups, enterprises and other participants. They are trust, capital and technology, and sustainable consensus. Finally, from the developing experience of Taromak, Piyaway and Ita thao tribes, this report finds that they have all faced problems, such as complicated administrative procedures and illegal land and buildings in their hometown. Therefore, it is suggested that the government should coordinate and integrate with ministries and commissions, and adjust the restriction of laws and regulations through the collusion between the government, enterprises and non-governmental organizations. This study emphasizes that apart from focusing on the changes in energy, we also have to face the difficulties of different ethnic groups, so that no one will be left behind in the energy transformation, and eventually we can develop an environment which is harmonious for human, nature and ecology.