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標題: | 溫度與天敵壓力之互動透過跨世代可塑性對被掠食者之影響 Temperature and predation stressors interactively shape response of prey via transgenerational plasticity |
作者: | Jo-Shih Chiu 邱楉蒔 |
指導教授: | 何傳愷(Chuan-Kai Ho) 何傳愷(Chuan-Kai Ho | ckho@ntu.edu.tw | ), |
關鍵字: | 暖化,天敵,跨世代可塑性,蚜蟲,瓢蟲, Warming,Predator,Transgenerational plasticity,Aphid,Lady beetle, |
出版年 : | 2022 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 在個體適應環境變遷的過程中,生物性與非生物性壓力扮演了重要的角色;過去壓力所引發的反應,可能透過跨世代的可塑性進而影響個體對新環境的適應性,最後影響所在的生態系統。過去雖有相關研究,但多為針對單一壓力對個體的影響,或僅觀察少數世代的可塑性,缺乏探討在多個壓力交互作用下的個體反應,以及在經歷多個世代後個體的表現。為回答以上問題,本研究利用跨世代實驗,檢視大豆蚜在暖化和/或天敵壓力下的可塑性反應,以及該反應是否能持續作用並影響大豆蚜對新環境的適應。本研究使用一隻雌性蚜蟲進行無性生殖,以產生實驗用的蚜蟲族群,並從中取 30隻四齡蚜蟲置於大豆植株,使其接受以下其中一種實驗處理:控制組、暖化組(+2 °C)、天敵組(加入一隻六條瓢蟲)、暖化+天敵組。七天後(以此為一世代),本研究將 30 隻四齡蚜蟲移至新的大豆上,並使其接受原處理。16世代後,本研究進行4x4交叉試驗,以了解跨世代可塑性是否可維持效果並影響蚜蟲對後續壓力的反應。跨世代實驗結果顯示,暖化會讓蚜蟲體型下降,但大約從第10世代起便停止下降。瓢蟲的存在會使蚜蟲族群數量下降,但僅在同時接受暖化處理的情況下於後期停止下降,並有回升趨勢,顯示在多世代的觀察下,暖化與天敵壓力會透過交互作用進而影響蚜蟲。交叉試驗結果顯示,過去曾長期接受天敵處理的蚜蟲具有適應天敵的性狀,但只有在同時接受暖化處理的情況下才有此現象;此結果顯示跨世代可塑性可以延續並影響蚜蟲對後續壓力的反應,但此效果需視壓力種類而定。綜合以上結果,本研究彰顯出生物性與非生物性等多個壓力因子之交互作用會顯著地影響物種的跨世代可塑性,且過去經驗與新環境之間的交互作用亦會影響個體的性狀表現。本研究建議後續關於相關機制的探討,以幫助精確地預測個體對環境變動的適應性。 Stressor plays an important role in driving organisms’ adaptation to the changing world. Stress-induced effects may affect organisms’ responses to future stressors through transgenerational plasticity and lead to significant impact on ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how multiple stressors may interact and whether the effect of previous stressors will affect that of current stressors. To fill these knowledge gaps, this study investigated evolutionary responses of soybean aphids to warming temperature and predation stressors using an experimental evolution approach. A single founder aphid was used to form the stock through clonal multiplication, from which 30 fourth instar aphids were randomly collected and introduced to a soybean plant, then assigned to one of the four treatments: control, warming (+2 °C), predation (one adult lady beetle), and warming plus predation. After seven days (~ one generation), 30 fourth instar aphids from each plant were collected and transferred to a new plant, and submitted to the same treatment to which they had been exposed. The process was repeated for 16 generations, followed by a reciprocal transplant experiment with 4x4 full factorial design for three generations to test if transgenerational plasticity persists and thus mediates aphids’ responses to future stressors. We found that under warming temperature, whether predators were present or not, aphid body size reduced over generations and reached stabilization at around 10th generation onwards. The presence of ladybeetles reduced aphid population size over generations, but at warming conditions, such reduction became less obvious at later stage, suggesting an interaction between abiotic (temperature) and biotic (predation) stressors over generations. Aphids under consistent predation pressure over generations showed a plastic adaption when they were exposed to predators later in the reciprocal transplant experiment, but only when also exposed to warming at the same time. This suggested that transgenerational plasticity may persist but the effect may depend on future stressor. Overall, the results highlight the important effect of stressor interaction on species’ transgenerational plasticity, as well as the interactive effect between previous and current stressors. Further investigations on the underlying mechanisms should help us better forecast organisms’ adaptiveness to changing environment. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/85397 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202204043 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
電子全文公開日期: | 2022-09-30 |
顯示於系所單位: | 生態學與演化生物學研究所 |
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U0001-2609202209141400.pdf | 1.67 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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