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標題: | 從兒童權利觀點比較台灣與韓國之空氣污染防制政策 A Comparison of Air Pollution Control Policy in Taiwan and South Korea from the Perspective of UNCRC |
作者: | Ze-Ming Yao 姚澤銘 |
指導教授: | 張弘潔(Hung-Chieh Chang) |
關鍵字: | 兒童權利公約,空污防制政策,比較研究,易感性,空污校園防護, UNCRC,Air pollution control policy,Comparative study,Vulnerability,School protection against air pollution, |
出版年 : | 2021 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 「兒童權利公約」是保障全球兒童權利的重要國際公約。2014年11月20日,台灣正式實施「兒童權利公約施行法」,在法律層級宣示對現行法規進行檢修,使其能進一步保障兒童之各項權利。然當前學術界以「兒童權利公約」之兒童權利觀點探討空污防制法規政策之研究較為缺乏。
本研究以「兒童權利公約」之健康權觀點出發,通過比較研究法(Comparative Method),從戶外空污防制、室內空氣品質管理、空污惡化之緊急應對、空污校園防護等四個構面,比較探討台韓空污防制政策內容。 本研究的主要發現有: (1)韓國現行之戶外空品標準,大部分之空污指標物之標準更為嚴格;(2)韓國之室內空污法規近年修法,明確承諾為兒童等易感性族群提供更高標準之保護措施;在現行室內空品標準中,韓國大部分之空污指標物之標準亦較台灣更為嚴格,且針對學童額外訂立更高標準之校園室內空品標準;在現行室內空污監(檢)測措施中,台灣尚未將兒童使用之校園場所列管,使得現行室內空氣品質管理法之保護措施對校園場所無法適用;而韓國之室內空品定期檢測中,校園場所之監測頻率較其他場所更高。 (3)台韓空污惡化之緊急應對措施大致相同,惟措施之啟動標準有所差異,整體而言韓國之標準更為嚴格;(4)韓國近年新增了一些針對兒童的額外保護措施(包括:教室安裝空污監測及淨化設備等)並明確寫入空污法規中。 本研究之政策建議:(1)台灣政府可參考韓國從校園防護入手,於「學校衛生法」為兒童族群額外制定更嚴格的空品標準;(2)盡快將校園場所納入室內空品管理;(3)降低校園空污惡化緊急應對措施之啟動門檻;(4)採行更積極的校園空污防護措施(如:韓國安裝空氣淨化及室內空污監測設施);(5)在空污防制法規中認知兒童健康之「易感性」,並承諾加強對兒童健康保護(財務、人力、行政等方面)之支持,上述內容寫入空污防制法規中。 The 'Convention on the Rights of the Child' is the most important international convention guaranteeing the rights of children worldwide. Therefore, Taiwan formally implemented the 'Implementation Act of the Convention on the Rights of the Child' on November 20, 2014, making a declaration at the legal aspect that the government’s responsibility to amend the current law/regulations for ensuring the rights of children is under protection. However, the current academic community lacks focus on discussing air pollution regulations and policies from the perspective of children ’s rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Through the Comparative Method, this research tries to examine and compare the four aspects of ambient air pollution control, indoor air quality management, emergency responsive measures to air pollution deterioration, and school protection measures related to air pollution between Taiwan and South Korea, based on the perspective of children ’s health rights of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The main findings of this study include: (1) Most standard values of ambient air pollution indicators in South Korea are more stringent; (2) In indoor air quality management related policies: a. South Korea officially promises to provide higher standards of health protection measures to children in the law; b. Most indoor air pollution indicators standard in South Korea are also stringent than Taiwan, and the school indoor air quality standards for children even much better; c. Taiwan has not yet regulated kindergarten and school which are highly relevant to children ’s use, making the protection measures of the current indoor air quality management law unavailable for school-related places; The frequency of regular indoor air quality inspections for school is higher than other places in South Korea, (3) The emergency response measures for the deterioration of air pollution in Taiwan and South Korea are almost the same, but the standards for starting the measures are different. Overall, the standards in South Korea are stricter. (4) In recent years, South Korea has implemented special measures for the protection of children (including installation of air pollution monitoring equipment, air purification equipment in the classroom) and clearly written into the air pollution regulation/law. According to the findings of this study, the following policy recommendations are proposed: (1) The Taiwanese government can follow the example of South Korea to start with school protection, and in the 'School Health Act', individually set stricter standards for children; (2) School-related places should be included in indoor air quality management as soon as possible; (3) The starting standards of the current emergency response measures for the deterioration of air pollution should be reconsidered; (4) Take more active air pollution protection measures in school (for example South Korea installs air purification and indoor air pollution monitoring facilities); (5) The 'vulnerabilities' of children's health should be recognized in the air pollution control policies, and provide technical, administrative and financial support to enhance children's health protection. And the above content should be written in the air pollution control policies document. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/8534 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202100244 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 健康政策與管理研究所 |
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U0001-2901202103114300.pdf | 3.3 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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