公共藝術之「藝術審美-社會功能-文化體制-介面關係」整合模型：假說與實證

Abstract

二十世紀各國越發重視文化藝術產業發展與人文社會精神推廣，相繼頒布相關法令促進文化藝術產業與民眾生活的連結，其中「百分比藝術」政策更為多數國家政策核心，訂定興建之公共工程須有一定比例造價經費辦理公共藝術，促使藝術作品介入民眾生活空間以營造城市意象和提升居住環境品質。而隨著更多元的藝術思潮興起與蓬勃的公共建設發展，加之公共藝術觸及藝術美學、都市規劃、空間設計、社會議題與行政執行等諸多領域，致使公共藝術從呈現形式至概念內涵皆面臨更多討論，而對於公部門工程承辦人員來說，了解當前民眾對於公共藝術的認知與態度成為相當關鍵的課題。 本研究先以文獻回顧方式整理並提出以民眾為核心的公共藝術概念架構與層面，包含：文化體制層面、藝術審美層面、介面關係層面與社會功能層面，總共十二項影響因素，並建立適當的計量模型、變數與對應假說，而後設計調查問卷以收集全國民眾針對本研究挑選55件公共工程之公共藝術作品影響因素與感受評價的數據，再以計量實證分析法探討各因素及層面對於民眾感受的影響程度，並探討本研究設立的假說與實證數據之驗證及比較，再進一步提出相關討論。 實證結果顯示當前民眾對於公共工程的公共藝術之感受評價受到更多藝術審美層面因素正面影響，而文化體制層面、介面關係層面與社會功能層面之因素亦提供正向影響，故本研究認為當前公共藝術於公共工程之辦理，必須注重公共藝術之藝術性質，同時公共藝術作品需符合文化氛圍及提供實際功能，且營造良好的人、作品與環境之交互關係，方可符合民眾的期待。

In the 20th century, developing cultural and artistic industries and promoting humanistic and social spirit had been valued in developed countries. Many countries successively promulgated relevant laws to enhance the connection between cultural and artistic industries and civilian lives. The “percent art” policy is the core of most national policies. The core concept is that there is a certain proportion of the cost of public construction for executing the intervention of public artworks in the civilian living space, which could create an urban image and improve the quality of the living environment. With the rise of more diverse artistic trends and the vigorous development of public construction, coupled with the fact that public art touches many fields such as artistic aesthetics, urban planning, space design, social issues, administrative execution, etc., public art encounters more and more discussions from presentation form to conceptual connotation. Therefore, understanding the current public perception and attitude towards public art has become a critical issue for project managers in public departments. Through literature reviews, this study firstly organizes and proposes the public art’s conceptual framework with civilians as the core, including the institutional, artistic, interfacial relationship, and social function aspect, a total of twelve affecting factors. Additionally, this study establishes the regression model, variables, and corresponding hypotheses and then designs a questionnaire to collect data on the affecting factors and evaluation from civilians of 55 public artworks throughout the country. Moreover, this study uses econometric analysis to explore the influence of the factors on the public’s feelings, to verify the comparison between the established hypotheses and the empirical data, where related discussions followed. The empirical results show that the current civilians’ evaluation of public art in public construction is more positively affected by the factors of artistic aspect. Also, the factors of the institutional, interfacial relationship, and social function aspects have positive effects. Therefore, this study states that the present execution of public art in public construction needs to pay attention to the artistry of public art. At the same time, public artworks must conform to the cultural atmosphere, provide practical functions, and create fine interactional relationships between people, the artwork, and the environment, to meet the civilians’ expectations.