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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 王翰聰 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.advisor | Han-Tsung Wang | en |
dc.contributor.author | 冷方庭 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author | Fang-Ting Leng | en |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-03-19T22:49:04Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-12-26 | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2022-08-10 | - |
dc.date.issued | 2022 | - |
dc.date.submitted | 2002-01-01 | - |
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Li, A. Owusu-Asiedu, P. Simmins, and J. Patience. 2004. Effect of carbohydrase supplementation of wheat-and canola-meal-based diets on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in group-housed weaned pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84:689-695. Zijlstra, R. T., A. Owusu-Asiedu, and P. H. Simmins. 2010. Future of NSP-degrading enzymes to improve nutrient utilization of co-products and gut health in pigs. Livest. Sci.134:255-257. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.07.017 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/85188 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 植物細胞壁約有 90% 由非澱粉多醣 (non-starch polysaccharide, NSP) 組成,依溶解度可將 NSP 分為水溶性及非水溶性,在單胃動物中不論是水溶性或非水溶性 NSP,均具有抗營養特性。水溶性 NSP 在消化道中會提高消化內容物黏度,使消化酶不易與消化物接觸,進而使消化率降低。而非水溶性 NSP 透過細胞壁物理性阻障將營養物質包裹在內,而使動物無法更完全的利用其內營養分。為了降低含有高 NSP 飼料原料的使用限制性,添加非澱粉多醣酶 (NSPase) 於飼糧中是常利用的解決方法。 本研究主要探討具有木聚糖酶及葡聚糖酶活性的NSPase產品 (XY11) 添加於豬隻飼糧之效果。分別對其酵素原液及經由麩皮吸附之粉狀酵素產品進行研究,先建立酵素基礎特性資料,評估可能添加濃度,再經由體內外消化試驗進行其添加效果之雙向驗證。實驗由建立酵素原液基本活性及酵素動力學基礎值開始,結果顯示XY11在pH 3.0時有最佳酵素活性,因此預期XY11在豬隻胃部可發揮最大活性。以 XY11 添加劑量 0.2% 及 0.4% 測定最大反應速率 (V max) 之結果顯示,提高添加濃度為 0.4% XY11 其V max 增加效果較不符合添加效益,故後續實驗中 XY11 添加劑量將設定為 0.2%。 第二部分實驗測定以 0.2% XY11 酵素產品之添加量下,對玉米、大豆粕、麩皮、可溶性玉米酒粕 (DDGS)、甜菜粕及大豆殼之細胞壁降解效果。結果顯示 XY11 對麩皮、DDGS、甜菜粕及大豆殼之還原糖釋放效果較佳,並且可提升玉米、大豆粕及麩皮之游離胺基酸釋放量。 第三部分實驗測定於飼糧中添加XY11粉狀酵素產品後,以體外模擬胃部及小腸消化評估其對飼糧分解能力的影響。組別分為: (1)控制組 (CON) (生長豬基礎飼糧);(2) L-XY11 組 ( CON 組外加 0.1% XY11 酵素產品);(3) H-XY11 組 (CON 組外加 0.2% XY11 酵素產品);(4) R 組 (CON 組外加 0.005% 商用NSPase Rovabio Advance T-Flex,作為比較組)。結果顯示 H-XY11 組胃部乾物質、小腸總纖維及水溶性纖維消化率最高,並顯著提高胃部還原糖與游離胺基酸釋放量,也能降低胃部消化物黏度。進一步將經過胃部及小腸消化後的基質接種新鮮控制組豬隻糞便進行 48 小時體外發酵。結果顯示H-XY11 組可顯著提高全腸道乾物質消化率,並改變產氣模式,顯著降低產物分解速率,同時降低發酵產生之丙酸、丁酸及微生物蛋白質含量。添加商用酵素 (R組) 之胃部游離胺基酸釋放量、小腸部位總纖維、水溶性纖維及全腸乾物質消化率,均顯著低於H-XY11 組,且模擬小腸消化物黏度也較高。R組之體外發酵之總產氣量、總 VFA 以及臭味物質產量也較高。 將四組飼糧進行為期八週之生長豬餵飼試驗,結果顯示H-XY11 組對於臭味物質的排放僅在吲哚含量高於 R 組,其餘臭味物質之排放與 R 組之間均無顯著差異。L-XY11 組與 H-XY11 組於試驗第二週顯著降低了糞便中尿素酶活性,顯示添加 XY11 可減少氨之產生量。 綜上所述,NSPase 的使用可透過改善消化物物理性狀、降解動物無法利用之多醣,並間接改善營養分利用率低所導致的含氮物排放與臭味問題,但NSPase 的使用需仔細考慮飼糧中的原料組成才可發揮最大效益。整合體內外實驗顯示於生長豬飼糧中添加粉狀 H-XY11 酵素產品在營養分的釋放、消化率的提升、消化物黏度的降低及減少臭味排放之效果都不亞於目前市售商用酵素,故此酵素產品可應用於豬隻飼糧中,以改善非澱粉多醣造成之消化阻礙問題。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | About 90% of the plant cell wall is composed of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP). According to the solubility, NSP can be divided into soluble and insoluble NSP and both NSP have anti-nutritional properties to monogastric animals. To reduce the restriction result from high NSP feed ingredients, the supplementation of non-starch polysaccharidase (NSPase) to the diet is a common solution. The purpose of this study was to investigate the supplementation effect of a NSPase product (XY11) which contains xylanase and glucanase activities on commercial pig diets. The enzyme stock solution and the powdered enzyme product carried by wheat bran were evaluated in this study. The enzyme kinetics data of the enzyme was established at first, then the adequate supplementation level was evaluated. Finally, the two-way verification of the supplementation effect was carried out through the in vitro and in vivo digestion test. The experiment started by determining the enzyme activity of the enzyme stock solution and related kinetics test. It indicated that XY11 showed the best enzyme activity at pH 3.0, it suggested that XY11 can exert the maximum activity in the stomach of pigs. Two supplementation level (0.2% and 0.4%) test indicated that 0.4% XY11 supplementation resulted in the maximum reaction rate (Vmax). However, it is noteworthy that the dosage of 0.2% is cost effective after comparing the final Vmax. The 0.2% supplementation level was chosen as the supplied concentration in the following experiments. The second part of the experiment was to determine the cell wall degradation ability of corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, corn DDGS, sugar beet pulp and soybean hull with the 0.2% XY11 supplementation. The results showed that XY11 had better effect on the release of reducing sugars from wheat bran, DDGS, sugar beet pulp and soybean hull. It also increased the release of free amino acids from corn, soybean meal and wheat bran. The third part of the experiment was to determine the effect of XY11 powdered enzyme product on the digestibility of the diets by simulating the digestion in the stomach and small intestine in vitro. The growing pig diet including: (1) CON = basal diet, (2) L-XY11 = basal diet supplemented with 0.1% powdered XY11, (3) H-XY11 = basal diet supplemented with 0.2% powdered XY11 and (4) R = basal diet supplemented with 0.005% of commercial NSPase (Rovabio Advance T-Flex). The test results indicated that the H-XY11 group had the highest dry matter digestibility in the stomach, and the highest total fiber and soluble fiber digestibility in the small intestine. It also increased the release of reducing sugars and free amino acids in the stomach stage significantly, and significantly reduced the viscosity of the digesta under simulated stomach digestion process. The digested residue collected from the in vitro stomach and small intestine digestion was inoculated with fresh feces from pigs of the control group for 48 hours in vitro fermentation. The fermentation results showed that the H-XY11 group significantly improved the total tract digestibility of dry matter. The XY11 supplementation could alter the gas production pattern, and could reduce the decomposition rate (DR) of the digested residue significantly. It also reduced the concentration of propionic acid, butyric acid and microbial crude protein produced by fermentation. The amount of free amino acids released in the stomach, the digestibility of total fiber, soluble fiber in the small intestine and total tract dry matter digestibility in R group were significantly lower than the H-XY11 group. The viscosity of the digesta in R group was also higher than that in the H-XY11 group after small intestinal digestion simulation. The total gas production, total VFA and odorous compounds production were higher in the R group under in vitro fermentation. The tested four groups of diets were fed to growing pigs for eight weeks. It indicated that fecal indole concentration of H-XY11 group was higher than the R group, while the other odorous compounds showed no difference. The L-XY11 group and the H-XY11 group reduced the urease activity in the feces in the second week of the experiment significantly, it suggested that the supplementation of XY11 can reduce the amount of ammonia emission. In conclusion, the supplementation of NSPase improved the physical properties of the digesta, and enhancing the degradation of the cell wall polysaccharides that cannot be digest by animals. It also reduced the nitrogenous compounds and odorous gases emission caused by low nutrient utilization indirectly. However, the supplementation of NSPase requires more consideration about the composition of raw materials in the diet for maximizing the benefit. According to the in vitro and in vivo experiments, this study suggested that supplementation powdered H-XY11 products to growing pig diets is on a pair with the currently available commercial enzymes. The XY11 enzyme product can be applied in pig feed to improve the digestion problems caused by non-starch polysaccharides. | en |
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dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄 謝誌 I 摘要 II Abstract IV 目錄 VII 圖目錄 XI 表目錄 XII 前言 1 第一章 文獻探討 2 一、非澱粉多醣介紹 2 (一) 非澱粉多醣之抗營養效應 2 (二) 非澱粉多醣之種類及結構 4 (三) 不同原料之非澱粉多醣組成 5 二、養豬業臭味排放問題 6 (一) 豬場臭味來源 6 (二) 常見之飼糧調整改善臭味排放方法 10 三、非澱粉多醣酶於養豬業之應用 12 (一) 非澱粉多醣酶 (NSP degrading enzymes, NSPase) 介紹 12 (二) 非澱粉多醣酶作用機制 14 (三) 非澱粉多醣酶對動物腸道健康與生長表現之影響 15 (四) 非澱粉多醣酶於改善臭味排放之效果 16 (五) 非澱粉多醣酶添加效果之體外模擬消化評估 17 四、豬隻糞便臭味之相關生物指標 18 (一) 糞便微生物菌相組成 18 (二) 糞便微生物酵素活性與臭味物質之相關性 19 第二章 研究目的 21 第三章 實驗架構 22 第四章 材料與方法 23 一、XY11 酵素原液之酵素動力學測定 23 (一) XY11 簡介 23 (二) XY11 最佳反應條件及添加濃度 24 (三) XY11 酵素動力學測定 25 二、XY11 酵素產品飼料原料分解能力測定 27 (一) 測定原料 27 (二) 組別 27 (三) 消化條件 27 (四) 分析項目 27 (五) 材料 27 (六) 步驟 27 (七) 總游離胺基酸測定 28 三、XY11 酵素產品飼糧分解能力測定與腸道發酵之整體影響評估 29 (一) XY11 酵素產品飼糧分解能力測定 29 (二) XY11 酵素產品腸道發酵之整體影響評估 36 四、XY11 酵素產品添加於生長豬飼糧中對於動物糞便臭味排放之評估 45 (一) 豬隻分欄 45 (二) 豬隻樣品收集 46 (三) 樣品處理及分析項目 46 五、統計模式 47 (一) XY11 酵素動力學 47 (二) XY11 酵素產品體外試驗及動物試驗 47 第五章 結果與討論 48 一、XY11 酵素原液之酵素動力學測定 48 (一) 最佳反應條件及添加濃度 48 (二) 酵素動力學 52 二、XY11 酵素產品飼料原料分解能力測定 54 (一) 玉米 55 (二) 大豆粕 56 (三) 麩皮 57 (四) 可溶性玉米酒粕 (DDGS) 58 (五) 甜菜粕 59 (六) 大豆殼 60 (七) 小結 61 三、XY11 酵素產品飼糧分解能力測定與腸道發酵之整體影響評估 65 (一) XY11 酵素產品分解能力測定 (體外模擬消化) 65 1. 體外消化率 65 2. 還原糖、游離胺基酸釋放量及黏度 67 (二) XY11 酵素添加對腸道發酵之整體影響評估 70 1. 體外發酵率及全腸消化率 70 2. 產氣動力學 73 3. 揮發性脂肪酸 (VFA) 產量 77 4. 臭味物質、微生物蛋白質及微生物酵素活性 80 四、XY11 酵素產品添加於生長豬飼糧中對於動物糞便臭味排放之評估 83 (一) 糞便揮發性脂肪酸含量 83 (二) 糞便臭味物質及微生物蛋白質含量 85 (三) 糞便微生物酵素活性 87 第六章 結論 89 第七章 參考文獻 90 圖目錄 圖 1. 水溶性 NSP 在腸胃道中的抗營養效果 3 圖 2. 非水溶性 NSP 在腸胃道中的抗營養特性 4 圖 3. 未消化殘餘基質在豬隻後腸中經微生物發酵所產生之臭味物質 7 圖 4. XY11 在不同 pH 值、酵素添加濃度及反應時間下的酵素活性 51 圖 5. XY11 Michaelis-Menten 作圖及 Lineweaver-Burk 雙倒數作圖 53 圖 6. 非澱粉多醣酶 (0.2% XY11) 的添加對於不同原料經胃部 (Gastric) 及小腸 (Intestinal) 體外消化後還原糖釋放量之影響 62 圖 7. 非澱粉多醣酶 (0.2% XY11) 的添加對於不同原料經胃部 (Gastric) 及小腸 (Intestinal) 體外消化後游離胺基酸釋放量之影響 63 圖 8. 不同非澱粉多醣酶的添加對於生長豬飼糧體外發酵產氣曲線之影響 76 表目錄 表 1. 豬場主要臭味物質之臭味閾值 10 表 2. 生長豬基礎飼糧營養組成表 30 表 3. 不同反應pH值、酵素添加濃度及反應時間對於XY11還原糖釋放量之影響 50 表 4. 玉米、大豆粕、麩皮、DDGS、甜菜粕、大豆殼之營養成分表及NSP組成 64 表 5. 不同非澱粉多醣酶添加對於生長豬飼糧經胃部及小腸體外消化後乾物質、 粗蛋白、總纖維、水溶性及非水溶性纖維消化率之影響 66 表 6. 不同非澱粉多醣酶添加對於生長豬飼糧經胃部及小腸體外消化後還原糖 與游離胺基酸釋放量及消化物黏度之影響 69 表 7. 不同非澱粉多醣酶添加對於生長豬飼糧經體外消化及發酵後乾物質消化 率、發酵率及全腸消化率之影響 72 表 8. 不同非澱粉多醣酶的添加對於生長豬飼糧體外發酵產氣動力學參數之影 響 75 表 9. 不同非澱粉多醣酶添加對於生長豬飼糧體外發酵 48 小時揮發性脂肪酸 之影響 79 表 10. 不同非澱粉多醣酶添加對於生長豬飼糧體外發酵 48 小時臭味物質、微生 物蛋白質及微生物酵素活性之影響 82 表 11. 不同非澱粉多醣酶添加對於生長豬豬糞中揮發性脂肪酸含量之影響 84 表 12. 不同非澱粉多醣酶添加對於生長豬豬糞中臭味物質及微生物蛋白質含量之影響 86 表 13. 不同非澱粉多醣酶添加對於生長豬豬糞中微生物酵素活性之影響 88 | - |
dc.language.iso | zh_TW | - |
dc.title | 非澱粉多醣酶添加對豬隻飼糧消化及糞便臭味排放影響之評估 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Evaluation of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (NSPase) supplementation on pig diets digestion and fecal odor emission | en |
dc.type | Thesis | - |
dc.date.schoolyear | 110-2 | - |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳靜宜;鄭永祥;柯孟韡;劉韋君 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Jing-Yi Chen;Yung-Hsiang Cheng;Meng-Wei Ke;Wei-Jun Liu | en |
dc.subject.keyword | 非澱粉多醣酶,酵素動力學,酵素活性,臭味排放,三段式體外消化法, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | NSP-degrading enzyme,enzyme kinetic,enzyme activity,odor emission,three-stage in vitro digestion method, | en |
dc.relation.page | 105 | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202202072 | - |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(限校園內公開) | - |
dc.date.accepted | 2022-08-05 | - |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | - |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 動物科學技術學系 | - |
dc.date.embargo-lift | 2024-09-01 | - |
顯示於系所單位: | 動物科學技術學系 |
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ntu-110-2.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 2.08 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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