在台菲律賓移工於新冠疫情爆發期間的精神健康

Abstract

背景 COVID-19 大流行、預防和控制措施使世界陷入前所未有的危機和不確定性。大流行影響了人們生活的經濟和社會領域，心理健康成為大流行的另一個負面影響。許多國家都報告了移徙工人的心理健康不穩定性增加，這一群體已經面臨許多獨特的挑戰和壓力源。台灣的海外菲律賓工人可能面臨與大流行有關的心理健康問題。 目標 本研究旨在了解台灣大流行期間 COVID-19 相關因素的流行情況以及海外菲律賓工人的心理健康狀況。通過檢驗社會人口和 COVID-19 因素和心理評估工具之間的關係，本研究希望確定 COVID-19 與台灣這一群體的心理健康結果之間是否存在關係。這項研究將在目前缺乏研究的領域展開對話，並確定該社區需要進一步支持的領域。方法 一項橫斷面、在線、匿名的自我報告調查被用來實現本研究的目標。參與者被邀請在 2021 年 11 月至 2022 年 3 月之間完成研究。該調查包含收集社會人口和 COVID-19 因素的問題。心理健康使用世界衛生組織幸福指數 (WHO-5)、患者健康問卷 2 (PHQ-2) 評估可能的抑鬱症，以及廣泛性焦慮症量表 (GAD-2) 評估可能的焦慮症.描述性統計用於檢查每個變量的分佈，以及每個心理工具的分數。使用 T 檢驗和 ANOVA 比較社會人口學組之間 WHO-5 總分的平均值。卡方檢驗用於檢查基於 WHO-5（總分 <13）、基於 PHQ-2（總分 >=3）可能患有抑鬱症的工人比例的差異，以及基於社會人口群體之間的 GAD-2（總分 >=3）可能存在的焦慮症。線性回歸用於檢查社會人口和 COVID-19 相關因素與 WHO-5 總分之間的關聯。邏輯回歸用於檢查社會人口和 COVID-19 相關因素與心理健康狀況不佳、可能的抑鬱症和可能的焦慮症之間的關聯。結果 COVID-19 和可能對健康的其他影響與女性狀況、可能的抑鬱症和對家庭健康的相關關注和關注。舒適的智能設備的感覺有關，而先前的 COVID-19 設備狀態和可能受到限制（由雇主）與抑鬱症和焦慮症有關。 結束 COVID-19 可能導致並且可能導致男性男性男性的心理健康狀況不佳。在工作中發現了 COVID-19 對 COVID-19 的影響與該部門的心理健康最相符的。有更多的愛心人士來台灣的男性以及無證工人以及工人自僱（或作為勞工和工廠工人）的工人和工人的心理支持。工作的這些人。政府和相關非政府組織應將這個社區的心理健康需求作為公眾優先事項，同時改善台灣的問題根源。

Background The COVID-19 pandemic, prevention and control measures put the world into unprecedented crisis and uncertainty. The pandemic affected economic and social areas of people’s lives, with psychological wellbeing becoming another negative impact of the pandemic. Increased mental health instabilities among migrant workers, a group that already faces many unique challenges and stressors, have been reported in many countries. Overseas Filipino Workers within Taiwan may be at risk of developing mental health problems, related to the pandemic. Objectives This study aims to understand the prevalence of COVID-19 related factors and the mental health of overseas Filipino workers during the pandemic in Taiwan. Through examining the relationship between socio-demographic and COVID-19 factors and psychological assessment tools, this study hopes to determine whether there is a relationship between COVID-19 and the mental health outcomes in this group within Taiwan. This study will open up dialogue in an area that currently lacks research, and identify the areas where this community needs further support. Methods A cross-sectional, online, anonymous self-reported survey was used to fulfil this study's objectives. Participants were invited to complete the study between November 2021 – March 2022. The survey contained questions to collect socio-demographic and COVID-19 factors. Mental health was assessed using the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), the Patient Health Questionaire-2 (PHQ-2) for possible depressive disorders, and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2) for possible anxiety disorders. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the distribution of each variable, along with the scores of each psychological tool. T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the mean of the total score of the WHO-5 between socio-demographic groups. Chi-square test was used to examine the difference in the proportion of workers with poor mental wellbeing based on the WHO-5 (total score <13), possible depressive disorders based on the PHQ-2 (total score >=3), and possible anxiety disorders based on the GAD-2 (total score >=3) between socio-demographic groups. Linear regression was used to examine the association between socio-demographic and COVID-19 related factors and the total score of WHO-5. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between the socio-demographic and COVID-19 related factors and poor mental health, possible depressive disorders, and possible anxiety disorders. Results Females and domestic care workers showed better mental health than males and those working in other fields, respectively. Perceived COVID-19 impact was consistently associated with poor wellbeing, possible depressive disorders, and possible anxiety disorders. Perceived discrimination was associated with poor wellbeing, while previous positive COVID-19 infection status and restriction from going outside (by employer) were associated with possible depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic caused and may still be causing poor mental health in Filipino overseas workers. Perceived COVID-19 impact on daily life showed the most consistent association with poor mental health. Female and domestic care workers showed more resilience with better mental health than men and those working in other sectors. This suggests more focus is needed to support male Filipino overseas workers here in Taiwan and those who are self-employed (undocumented) or work as labourers and factory workers. The Taiwanese government and related NGOs should make the mental health needs of this community a public health priority along with improving the conditions for which these issues stem from.