建立軌道車輛MEL之研究

Abstract

鐵道一直是陸上最穩定、最快速的移動手段，乘載著所有旅行者酸甜苦辣的回憶與離家遊子的思鄉哀愁。然而近幾年，國內外重大的鐵道事故頻傳，帶來的是一個又一個家庭破碎的悲劇。其中最為人知的莫過於2018年10月21日發生的6432次普悠瑪自強號出軌事故，該事故造成18死215傷，當時帶給台灣莫大的震撼。 隨著事後調查的進行，發現了當初該班列車尚未發車前，在機務段就已有相同的故障發生，然而該編組列車卻還是被推上線運轉載客，進而造成後續的悲劇。台鐵出車的標準似乎是有很大的瑕疵，該如何科學化的、有系統的制訂一套出車的標準，並兼顧一定程度的出車可靠度呢? 於是，本研究將目光轉到航空產業，發現文獻中提到最低設備清單( MEL )的想法與前述想法有許多雷同處。因此，本研究針對MEL的起源、特性、建立方式、形式以及曾引起的相關問題進行討論與整理，並試著利用當中提到的故障樹分析( FTA )與失效模式影響分析( FMEA )針對6432次的事故進行分析。 然而受限於資料本身的保存與紀錄方式，兩者皆未能達到理想的分析。於是本研究亦整理從MEL的形式上所歸納出的規律，針對普悠瑪號之系統提出一份簡易的版本，並且探討將事故經驗納入的方式。

Railway system is the most stable and rapid way to take people from a place to another, carrying various memories and feeling of nostalgia of all travelers. However, a great amount of serious train accident occurred around the globe in the past few years, bringing sorrow and tragedy to countless families. One of the well-known accidents is No. 6432 Puyuma Express Train Accident, occurring in 2018/10/21with 18 deaths and 215 injuries, shocked Taiwan society deeply. With the progress of the post-accident investigation, the investigator discovered that the same malfunction had been existing long before the train left the depot, however the train still went to service without changing trainset, which resulted in the later accident. It seems that there is a huge flaw in the standard of train dispatch of Taiwan Railway Administration. (TRA) Which leads to a question, how to establish a scientific and systematic dispatch standard with maintaining a certain degree of dispatch reliability. Therefore, the research turns to aviation industry for inspiration, and find out that the concept of Minimum Equipment List (MEL) shares some similarities with previous thoughts. Hence, the research makes some discussion focusing on many aspects of MEL, including its origin, its properties, how it is established, its format and problems it had been involved in, and tries to analyze the No. 6432 Puyuma Express Train Accident with the method of MEL mentioned in the literature, including Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Failure Mode Effect Analysis. (FMEA) However, with the limitation of how the critical information is preserved and recorded, both of the analysis do not lead to ideal results. Thus, the research turns to find the pattern from the format of MEL, and create a simplified version of MEL for the Puyuma train, and also discuss the way to combine the advice from post-accident investigation reports.