稚児物語における神聖なる稚児―『上野君消息』を中心に―

Abstract

《上野君消息》為鎌倉時代所發表，屬於日本中世紀的稚兒物語之一。稚兒物語是代表日本中世紀的作品類型之一，尤以《秋夜長物語》為代表作。多數的稚兒物語與《秋夜長物語》有著類似構造，但《上野君消息》除成立時代較其他稚兒物語較早之外，故事中也未見與典型稚兒物語相似的構造。 本論文以《上野君消息》之文本為主要研究對象，分為三個面向做考察。首先，分析「僧」與「稚兒」之間的互動與言行舉止，並與《秋夜長物語》的梅若君作比較，來找出「稚兒」的特徵。接著透過分析「僧」與「稚兒」對於作品中所引用和泉式部的和歌解釋的異同，探討「稚兒」引用該和歌之目的。最後，考察「稚兒」與聖德太子、釋尊、虛空藏菩薩之間的關聯，釐清「稚兒」被描繪成此三種神聖存在之化身的目的為何。 本作中的「稚兒」與典型的稚兒不同，有著完全相反的特徵。而被描繪成聖德太子及釋尊的化身則是為了推廣佛法修行。由以上結果可以得知，《上野君消息》與典型的稚兒物語有著截然不同的性格與主旨。

This thesis is a study of a story, 'Kōzuke no Kimi no Syōsoku' (上野君消息), belonging to The Chigo-Monogatari (稚児物語) genre in medieval Japanese literature. Chigo Monogatari (稚児物語), a genre of love stories between a Buddist monk and a young boy, was popular during the Muromachi Period (室町時代, 1336CE-1573CE). The representative work of Chigo Monogatari (稚児物語), 'Aki no Yo no Naga Monogatari' (秋夜長物語), and most works included in this genre share similar features. However, unlike typical Chigo Monogatari (稚児物語), and despite its birth within the Muromachi Period (室町時代, 1336CE-1573CE), features of 'Kōzuke no Kimi no Syōsoku' (上野君消息) differ from other works in its genre. This thesis is divided into three parts to analyze 'Kouzuke no Kimi no Syousoku' (上野君消息). First, by analyzing the words of and the interaction between the 'monk' and the 'chigo'(「稚児」), and comparing the 'chigo'(「稚児」) with the description of Umewakakimi (梅若君) in 'Aki no Yo no Naga Monogatari' (秋夜長物語), the characteristics of the 'chigo' (「稚児」) in this work will be clarified. Second, by analyzing the interpretation differences between the 'monk' and the 'chigo'(「稚児」) of Waka Poetry, by Izumishikibu (和泉式部)quoted in the work, I will explore why the poem is mentioned in the story. Finally, I will examine the relationship between the 'child' and Prince Shōtoku (聖徳太子), Gautama Buddha (釈尊), and Ākāśagarbha (虚空蔵菩薩), to clarify why the 'chigo'(「稚児」) is portrayed as the above-mentioned divine beings. In conclusion, I speculate that the 'chigo' (「稚児」) is a person who possesses characteristics completely opposite from that of a typical chigo, and that the reason he was depicted as an incarnation of Prince Shōtoku (聖徳太子) and Gautama Buddha (釈尊) is to promote the Buddhist training. This leads us to figure out that 'Kouzuke no Kimi no Syousoku' (上野君消息) is a work with a character and purpose that is the opposite of a typical Chigo-Monogatari (稚児物語).