內藏式永磁同步馬達之混合型全速無感測器控制系統設計與雙繞組電機闊速驅動系統開發

Abstract

本論文提出適用於內藏式永磁同步馬達之新穎混合型全速無感測器控制系統與雙繞組電機闊速驅動系統。 混合型全速無感測器控制系統結合了高頻電壓注入與狀態觀測器。高頻電壓注入基於馬達凸極特性，從響應之特定頻率的電流訊號中得到轉子角度的資訊，而狀態觀測器基於馬達數學模型，於中、高轉速時觀測具有高訊噪比之反電動勢，進而估測轉子角度。為了使無感測器系統控制範圍延伸，於兩演算法估測範圍重疊之區域內，使用線性權重分配的方式達成了無縫的演算法轉移，本文中另也檢視影響無感測器系統估測角度之因素，如 軸電樞電抗與馬達模型參數偏差等，最後，於實驗中驗證所提之架構可有效於任意操作點下估測轉子角度與轉速。 於雙繞組電機闊速驅動系統方面，提出基於雙繞組內藏式永磁同步電機結合新穎控制策略之驅動系統，藉由可切換的繞組結構於高速時省略部份繞組，排除反電動勢造成的驅動電壓限制，控制策略方面設計最佳繞組切換條件，以同時達成最大轉矩與最佳效率輸出。本文使用了準確的實驗結果實踐每安培最大轉矩控制，並提出適用於繞組切換之新穎弱磁控制架構，快速響應切換暫態的電流命令，本文中另也提出基於 軸電壓之每伏特最大轉矩控制追蹤條件，以縮減電流命令達成近似的每伏特最大轉矩控制效果，綜合上述之控制策略，可實踐與電機參數較不敏感之控制，並有效擴展電機控速範圍。實驗中，證明了雙繞組電機驅動系統擁有闊速的驅動能力，相較於傳統單繞組電機提升7.36%的控速範圍，且於繞組切換過程中無任何不連續的現象，此外，可同時達到最大轉矩與最佳效率輸出。

This dissertation proposes a novel hybrid full-speed sensorless control architecture and wide-speed dual-winding drive system for use in interior permanent magnet synchronous machines. The hybrid full-speed sensorless control architecture combines high-frequency injection with a state observer. The injection of high-frequency voltage is based on the magnetic saliency of the motor in obtaining a current response at frequencies that provide information related to rotor position. The design of the state observer is based on a mathematical model used to estimate the external back-electromotive force by which to derive the rotor position using the high signal-to-noise ratio in medium- and high-speed regions. Note that two algorithms are used to extend the range of control, and linear weight distribution is used to model the transition from one algorithm to the other, wherein the overlap region undergoes a seamless process of conversion. This article also examines the factors affecting the accuracy of estimates derived using sensorless systems, such as the -axis armature reactance and parameter deviation. In experiments, the proposed scheme proves highly effective in observing the position and speed of the rotor, regardless of the operating points. From the wide-speed drive system perspective, the proposed system is based on a dual-winding interior permanent magnet synchronous machine with a novel control strategy. The switchable winding architecture bypasses partial windings to eliminate the voltage limit caused by back-electromotive forces at high speeds. The proposed control strategy designs the optimal switching condition to maximum output torque and motor efficiency simultaneously. We use accurate experimental results to maximize torque per ampere in conjunction with a novel flux-weakening control scheme suited for dual-winding machines. We also develop a novel architecture based on constant q-axis voltage to achieve the approximate purpose of maximum torque per voltage control by reducing the current magnitude. The proposed control strategy extends the control region to enable less-motor-parameter-sensitive control across the entire range of operating speeds. In experiments, the drive system demonstrates control performance over a wide range and without any discontinuities at the winding conversion interval. The proposed scheme maximizes the motor efficiency while expanding the controllable region by 7.36%, compared with conventional single winding machines.