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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 林逸彬(Yi-Pin Lin) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ching-Hsuan Hsu | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 徐靖軒 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-03-19T21:15:59Z | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2022-08-18 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2022-08-09 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/83733 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 腐蝕對於住戶管線系統有很大的影響，可能會造成管線滲漏、管線堵塞以及管件微量物質的釋出。此研究的目的是要了解黃銅水錶在不同的自來水水質條件下腐蝕的情形。本研究藉由感應耦合電漿質譜儀(ICP-MS)偵測鉛、銅、鋅的釋出，並結合表面分析以及電化學方法來觀察黃銅水錶在自來水中腐蝕及腐蝕產物生成的情形。結果顯示因局部電化腐蝕，大量的鉛及鋅會自黃銅水錶釋出。在實驗初期(0-5天)，根據能量色散X射線光譜分析(EDS)，黃銅水錶表面的鉛及鋅的百分比含量有明顯的下降，伴隨著腐蝕電流密度的上升以及表層電阻阻抗的下降，這些結果能夠說明實驗初期有劇烈的腐蝕現象發生；在實驗後期(>10天)，根據金屬釋出及EDS結果進行分析，可以發現含銅及鉛的腐蝕產物在黃銅表面生成，而抑制了腐蝕反應，電化學的檢測亦證實此項結果。當自來水pH值降低，會促進鉛、銅、鋅的釋出，相反的pH值的上升能抑制金屬自黃銅水錶釋出。自由餘氯能夠稍微減少鉛的釋出，然而自由餘氯會大大提升銅及鋅的釋出。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Corrosion has adverse impacts on household plumbing systems, which may lead to water leak, pipe clogging and metal release. In this study, corrosion of brass water meter was investigated using batch experiments with various tap water conditions. The release of lead, copper and zinc was monitored using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and electrochemical tests. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to investigate the change of surface morphology and elemental composition of the corrosion processes. The results showed that high levels of lead and zinc were released from brass water meter due to localized galvanic corrosion among lead, copper and zinc. During the early stage of corrosion (0-5 d), the weight percentage of lead and zinc on the brass water meter surfaces decreased substantially as evidenced by the EDS results. The corrosion current density (Icorr) increased and film resistance (RF) decreased during that period. These results illustrated that severe corrosion occurred. During the later stage (> 10 d), according to the ICP-MS and EDS results, copper and lead corrosion products formed on the brass water meter surfaces, which retarded the corrosion process. The release of lead, copper and zinc was enhanced by a lower pH. Free chlorine was found to slightly reduce the release of lead while promote the release of copper and zinc. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2023-03-19T21:15:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 U0001-0808202221104900.pdf: 3273081 bytes, checksum: b86cd5f09b5b82c1e54e5ca780d6cdeb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Table of Content 口試委員會審定書 I 致謝 II 摘要 III Abstract IV Table of Content V List of Figures VII List of Tables X Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Research objectives 2 Chapter 2 Literature Review 3 2.1 Release of metals from brass plumbing devices 3 2.2 Corrosion of metals 4 2.3 Dezincification of brass 7 2.4 Formation of corrosion products on brass 9 2.5 Effects of water chemistry on corrosion 10 2.6 Electrochemical analysis of corrosion 12 Chapter 3 Materials and Methods 22 3.1 Research framework 22 3.2 Materials and chemicals 24 3.3 Experimental setup 25 3.4 Analytical methods 26 Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 30 4.1. Chemical composition of brass water meter and lead-free brass and release of Pb, Cu and Zn in typical drinking water 30 4.2 Effects of pH value, free chlorine and galvanic corrosion on release of Pb, Cu and Zn 37 4.3 Morphology and change of surface chemical composition of brass water meter 48 4.4 Electrochemical behavior 54 4.5 Corrosion mechanism of brass water meter 63 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 65 5.1 Conclusions 65 5.2 Recommendations 66 Reference 67 List of Figures Figure 1. Different types of corrosion. (a) General corrosion, (b) galvanic corrosion, (c) pitting, (d) crevice corrosion, (e) intergranular corrosion and (f) dealloying (dezincification). 5 Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the Tafel extrapolation method. 17 Figure 3. Randles cell. 18 Figure 4. Nyquist plot of randles cell. 20 Figure 5. Bode plot of randles cell. 20 Figure 6. Research framework. 23 Figure 7. The pictures of (a) brass water meter, (b) coupon cut from brass water meter and coupons cut from (c) lead-free brass plate, (d) copper plate and (e) zinc plate. 25 Figure 8. Batch experimental setup. 26 Figure 9. Schematic and picture of the potentiostat system. 28 Figure 10. Release of (a) Pb, (b) Cu and (c) Zn from brass water meter in drinking water. 34 Figure 11. Element mapping of brass water meter coupon before the experiment. 36 Figure 12. Effects of pH value on release of (a, b) Pb, (c, d) Cu and (e, f) Zn from brass water meter. 38 Figure 13. Effects of free chlorine on release of (a, b) Pb, (c, d) Cu and (e, f) Zn from brass water meter. 40 Figure 14. Variation of (a) pH and (b) free chlorine in different pH and different free chlorine batch experiments. 43 Figure 15. Release of (a, b) Pb, (c, d) Cu and (e, f) Zn from four different materials, including brass water meter, lead free brass plate, copper plate and zinc plate, in drinking water. 45 Figure 16. Percentage of (a) Cu and (b) Zn released from zinc plate, lead-free brass plate and brass water meter. 46 Figure 17. Digital camera images of brass water meter coupons in batches with various conditions. (a) pH 6.7, (b) pH 7.7, (c) pH 8.7, (d) free chlorine = 1 mg/L as Cl2 and (e) free chlorine = 2 mg/L as Cl2. 49 Figure 18. SEM images of brass water meter coupons in batches with various conditions. (a) pH 6.7, (b) pH 7.7, (c) pH 8.7, (d) free chlorine = 1 mg/L as Cl2 and (e) free chlorine = 2 mg/L as Cl2. For (a), (b) and (c), free chlorine was fixed at 0.35 mg/L as Cl2. 51 Figure 19. Polarization curves of brass water meter in batches with various conditions. 55 Figure 20. Nyquist plots of brass water meter in batches with various conditions. 57 Figure 21. Bode plots of brass water meter in batches with various conditions. Red line is the impedance (Z), and blue line is the negative phase shift. (a) pH 6.7, (b) pH 7.7, (c) pH 8.7, (d) free chlorine = 1 mg/L as Cl2 and (e) free chlorine = 2 mg/L as Cl2. 58 Figure 22. Open circuit model used to fit EIS results. 59 Figure 23. Polarization curves of brass water meter in batches with in drinking water. 61 Figure 24. Nyquist plots of brass water meter in batches in drinking water. 61 Figure 25. Bode plots of brass water meter in drinking water. (a) Before experiment, (b) Day 5, (c) Day 10 and (d) Day 20. pH = 7.7, free chlorine = 0.35 mg/L as Cl2, and temperature = 25oC. 62 Figure 26. Conceptual corrosion model of brass water meter in drinking water 64 List of Tables Table 1. Galvanic series of metals and alloys in drinking water (Matsukawa et al., 2011). 4 Table 2. Circuit elements and impedance (Yuan et al., 2010) . 18 Table 3. Chemical compositions (in wt.%) of brass water meter and lead-free brass plate. 30 Table 4. Characteristics of tap water in Taipei, Taiwan. 31 Table 5. EDS analysis of brass water meter coupons in batches with various conditions with time. (a) pH 6.7, (b) pH 7.7, (c) pH 8.7, (d) free chlorine = 0.35 mg/L as Cl2, (e) free chlorine = 1 mg/L as Cl2 and (f) free chlorine = 2 mg/L as Cl2. 53 Table 6. Electrochemical analyses of brass water meter. (a) pH 6.7, (b) pH 7.7, (c) pH 8.7, (d) free chlorine = 0.35 mg/L as Cl2, (e) free chlorine = 1 mg/L as Cl2 and (f) free chlorine = 2 mg/L as Cl2. 55 Table 7. Electrochemical analyses of brass water meter in drinking water. (a) Before experiment, (b) Day 5, (c) Day 10 and (d) Day 20. pH = 7.7, free chlorine = 0.35 mg/L as Cl2, and temperature = 25oC. 60 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 電化腐蝕 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 黃銅水錶 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 鉛 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 銅 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 脫鋅 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Brass water meter | en |
| dc.subject | Galvanic corrosion | en |
| dc.subject | Dezincification | en |
| dc.subject | Copper | en |
| dc.subject | Lead | en |
| dc.title | 黃銅水錶於自來水中腐蝕之機制與鉛、銅、鋅釋出之評估 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Corrosion and release of lead, copper and zinc from brass water meter in drinking water | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 110-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 駱尚廉(Shang-Lien Lo),童心欣(Hsin-Hsin Tung),黃鼎荃(Ding-Quan Ng) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 黃銅水錶,鉛,銅,脫鋅,電化腐蝕, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Brass water meter,Lead,Copper,Dezincification,Galvanic corrosion, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 74 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202202166 | |
| dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2022-08-10 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 環境工程學研究所 | |
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