我國廢木材燃料化之策略探討

Abstract

2018年起我國針對鍋爐排放粒狀污染物、硫氧化物及氮氧化物進行管制，部分原先使用廢木材作為燃料之燃材鍋爐因而無法符合該次管制規定，迫其改用其他燃料或停止營業，適逢多數公有大型焚化廠近年進入老舊整改期間，焚化廠可處理廢棄物量能下降，進而導致我國可燃性廢棄物產生及處理量能無法平衡，過去廢木材等可燃性廢棄物如採焚化處理者，將嚴重影響其去化量能。 部分廢木材因含有貼皮、塗層或其他雜質，多數業者收受意願低，亦將導致去化問題。然而，我國廢棄物管理原則已由污染防治，轉為源頭減量，再到現今資源循環，因此木材之管理策略應確保物質有效處理，並持續思考如何與時俱進，朝提升資源運用之方向努力。為使廢木材能依品質及數量，選擇適當處置方式有效去化並避免棄置事件發生，本研究試以文獻分析法及比較分析法，從物質流分析、資源利用角度，透過流向情形分析先行了解廢木材去化現況，及蒐集國內外與廢木材燃料化相關資料，分析我國廢木材燃料化之潛力及條件，最終試綜合提出符合資源利用之推動策略。 結果顯示我國每年廢木材產生43.6萬公噸，其現況利用過程面臨循環誘因不足、再利用管理不易、中間處理機構能力不足及部分廢木材流向不明等問題；同時，國際推動「循環經濟」、「淨零排放」並蓬勃發展「轉廢為能(Waste to Energy)」技術，我國可從發展廢木材分級標準、推動固體再生燃料管理、及輔導不利資源利用者等3大推動策略著手，並自廢棄物產源端、中間再利用機構端、再利用產品使用端、衍生物質處理端及（目的事業）主管機關向下延伸可行之推動工作，以完整建構我國廢木材燃料化利用體系。

Since 2018, Taiwan has implemented regulations on particulate pollutants, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides emitted by boilers. Some of the industries that used waste wood-fired boiler were unable to meet the revised standard, so they were forced to switch to other fuels or closed their business. In recent years, the amount of waste that can be processed by the local large-scale incinerators has declined because they came to the rectification period. As a result, there is supply-demand mismatch in the treatment capacity of combustible waste. It could seriously affect the treatment capacity of the waste wood and lead to environmental problems. Most recycling industries are not willing to traet low quality waste wood, which will also cause removal difficulty and lead to environmental problems. However, the principle of waste management in Taiwan has changed from pollution prevention to reduction at source, and then to resource recycling. Therefore, besides ensuring the effective treatment of waste wood, we should keep pace with the times and think about how to promote the utilization of resources. To select appropriate and effective treating methods based on the quality and quantity of waste wood, the study tries to use both literature analysis and comparative analysis methods to investigate material flow and resource recycling of waste wood. Through analyzing flow situation and collecting the literatures related to waste wood fuelization, the study moves on analyze the potential and conditions to realize fuelization on waste wood in Taiwan. Finally, the study proposes some comprehensive strategies for promoting resource utilization of waste wood. The results shows that there are 436,000 metric tons of waste wood every year in Taiwan, and their current utilization situations face problems such as insufficient recycling incentives, difficulties on reuse management, and insufficient capacity of intermediate processing institutions. Recently, the world promote sustainable concepts such as” Circular Economy”, ”Net Zero Carbon Emission”, and many countries vigorously develop the “Waste to Energy (WtE)” technology. We can start from three major strategies to build up a waste wood fuelization system in Taiwan: developing waste wood grading standards, promoting solid recovered fuel (SRF) management, and guiding those which are disadvantageous for resource recycling to be recycled.