我國公部門鏈結開放資料推行的相關影響因素與預期效益之探討

Abstract

行政院於2012年推動政府開放資料，以期滿足民眾、產業界之需求。目前我國已有許多機關單位推動開放資料計畫，並建置資料開放平臺網站，資料開放程度也具有三顆星等級。然而卻鮮少有機關單位繼續往四星級或以上的等級邁進。故研究者探究我國公部門鏈結開放資料之實踐現況、推行過程中的相關影響因素，以及預期效益，以更加瞭解我國公部門鏈結開放資料的實際現況。 本研究採用採半結構式深度訪談進行，以我國公部門中熟知鏈結開放資料建置流程和對鏈結開放資料具有一定程度了解之人員為研究對象。並採用資訊分享四大面向（科技技術、組織管理、法令與政策以及外部環境）和政府電子化服務公共價值概念模型進行相關影響因素以及預期效益之探討。 研究結果發現，法令與政策在公部門推行鏈結開放資料之相關影響因素最具影響力，而各面向之影響因素為下：科技技術面向包含資料語彙的標準化、實作與概念理解之問題以及資訊隱私問題；組織管理面向則有溝通協調問題、高層領導者的影響力、缺乏績效報酬與獎勵制度、成本與資源配置問題；法令與政策面向則包含國家政策或計畫推動影響、既有法規之問題。預期效益的部分以改善公共服務和改進行政管理為主要面向。而有部分受訪者針對鏈結開放資料推行的必要性提出質疑，認為需要具備明確的使用情境，才是使公部門持續投入推行之要素。

Since 2012, the Executive Yuan, the cabinet, of Taiwan has started requiring its government agencies to open their datasets to meet data needs of the general public, including private enterprises, non-profit organizations, and individual citizens. Therefore, many government agencies have implemented open data policies and established their respective open data platforms and websites. According to the standard of Tim Berners-Lee’s 5-star scheme of linked data, most of the Taiwanese government agencies have reached the 3-star level. However, it was found that very few agencies attempt to reach higher levels such as 4-star and 5-star standards. Therefore, this research aims to understand the current development of governmental linked open data in Taiwan. In particular, the influential determinants and benefits of the implementation of governmental linked open data in Taiwan are explored. In the stage of data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted by inviting related stakeholders and government officials to participate in this research. The interviewees had extensive knowledge and experiences in implementing governmental linked open data and were able to provide rich qualitative information for the later data analysis of the research. Four perspectives of cross-boundaries information sharing, including technology, organization, legislation and policy, and environment, and the public value of e-government framework were employed for analyzing and discussing the findings of the research. The determinants of each perspective were identified as follows: In the technological perspective, the identified factors are data element standardization, the required capability for implementing governmental linked open data, and information privacy issues. In the organizational perspective, the influential factors are communication issues, top management involvement, the shortage of budget, and the lack of performance compensation evaluation. In the legislation and policy perspective, it was found that related governmental policies and legislation has the most significant impact on government agencies’ intention to implement governmental linked open data. Lastly, it was found that government officials’ perceived benefits of linked open data mainly focus on improving public services and administrative operations. However, some research participants challenged the necessity of implementing governmental linked open data, arguing that the requirement for a clear scenario and reason is the key to encourage government agencies to implement linked open data further.